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In Silico approach of soursop leaf for prediction of anticancer molecular target therapy
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
M.K. Dewi, Y. Kharisma, L. Yuniarti
Indonesia is rich in natural ingredients that could prevent and treat cancer, one of which is soursop (Annona muricata L.), a member of the Annonaceae family. Soursop contains acetogenins, tannins, and flavonoids. Acetogenin has a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells and multi-drug resistant cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. Flavonoids have a metastatic inhibiting effect on the culture of breast, liver, colon, lung, and ovarian cancer cells. Tannins can inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Tannin derivatives have a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by inducing apoptosis 3 (Rajesh & Kala 2015, Zhou et al. 2014).
Brazilian Bryophytes and Pteridophytes as Rich Sources of Medicinal Compounds
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Adaíses Simone Maciel-Silva, Lucas Vieira Lima
Several liverworts, such as P. rutilans, produce the acetogenins 1-octen-3-ol (54) and/or 1-octen-3-yl acetate (55) (Asakawa et al., 2013a; Rycroft and Cole, 2001). In terms of the fatty acids found in liverworts, M. polymorpha cells grown under controlled conditions were found to contain linolenic (56), arachidonic (57), and eicosapentaenoic acids (58) (Saruwatari et al., 1999). Example of acetogenins and fatty acids reported in bryophytes is shown in Figure 7.11.
Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Annona squamosa (Sugar Apple)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Abhidha Kohli, Taufeeq Ahmad, Sachidanand Singh
More than 200 bioactive components have been derived from different genuses of the Annonaceae family. A. squamosa constitutes phytochemicals isolated from all plant parts, such as leaves, stems, roots, and fruits. The chemical derivatives belong to groups of glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and amino acids. They include anonaine, aporphine, coryeline, isocorydine, norcorydine, glaucine, 4-(2-nitro-ethyl 1)-1-6-((6-o-β-Dxylopyranosy1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-oxy) benzene, benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline, camphene, borneol, camphor, car-3-ene, β caryphyllene, carvone, eugenol, geraniol, farnesol, 16-hetriacontanone, higemamine, hexacontanol, isocorydine, linalool acetate, limonine, menthone, rutin, methyl anthranilate, methylsalicylate, methylheptenone, p-(hydroxybenzyl)-6,7-(2-hydroxy ,4-hydro), α-pinene, n-octacosanol, b-pinene, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, thymol, and n-triacontanol; while leaf extracts lack alkaloids, proteins, and amino acids (Pandey and Barve, 2011b; Fofana et al., 2012). Acetogenins are the most common chemical compounds derived from plants of the Annoaceae family besides alkaloids and phenols (Coria-Téllezet al., 2018; Attiq et al., 2017; Alali et al., 1999). Bullatacin, bullatacinone, and squamone are the types of acetogenins derived from bark of A. squamosa and are found to be cytotoxic against breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 (Li et al., 1990). Leaf extract derivative rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside) is a flavonoid that has been found to be antioxidant, thus rendering it antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties (Soni et al., 2018). Various studies through the phytochemical analysis of extracts from A. squamosa plant parts revealed its utility for therapeutic purposes and have been tabulated in Table 17.2.
Folate-targeting annonaceous acetogenins nanosuspensions: significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy in HeLa tumor-bearing mice
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
Haowen Li, Yijing Li, Hui Ao, Dongdong Bi, Meihua Han, Yifei Guo, Xiangtao Wang
Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are one of the most active constituents isolated from Annona species (Annonaceae) (Rupprecht et al., 1990). ACGs are a group of C35 or C37 compounds bearing a terminal methyl-substituted α, β-unsaturated γ-lactone ring with 1, 2, or 3 tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings (Pan & Yu, 1997; Bermejo et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2011). Owing to their potential antitumor activity, ACGs have been widely concerned and have aroused extensive research in the past three decades (Pieme et al., 2014; Formagio et al., 2015; Bomfim et al., 2016). Annonaceous acetogenins and the single compounds separated from ACGs exhibited antitumor activity against various cancer cells, such as HeLa, HepG2, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and MKN-45 cell lines (Chen et al., 2012). For example, squamocin, one of the most active components of ACGs, showed an IC50 value of 0.5 nΜ against MCF-7 cells, which was approximately 100 times more active than adriamycin (Yang et al., 2009). Bullatacin, another major component of ACGs, was 400 times as active as Taxol, confirmed by L1210 murine leukemia bearing mice (Ahammadsahib et al., 1993). Recently, three new constituents of ACGs extracted from the seeds of Annona squamosa demonstrated high potent cytotoxic activity against HepG2, H460, and BGC-803 with IC50 values of 0.43, 0.103, and 0.687 μg/mL, respectively (Chen et al., 2011; Sun et al., 2014; Sun et al., 2015). It is obviously that ACGs possessed stronger toxicity than other common antitumor drugs.
In vitro evaluation of Annona muricata L. (Soursop) leaf methanol extracts on inhibition of tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer cells
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Aditi Venkatesh Naik, Krishnan Sellappan
As stated by Morré et al. (1994), it has also been shown that the ability of acetogenins to inhibit NADH oxidase is essential for its anti-tumour role via the inhibition of NADH oxidase enzyme function. Besides, acetogenins are also said to obstruct the formation of ATP in mitochondria. This active mechanism has shown to be potent towards cancer cells which necessitate higher amounts of ATP requirement compared to normal cells. Thus, this limits the ability of cancer cells to elevate. Besides, the extracts demonstrated stronger toxicity to tumour cells than generic drugs and in certain proportions also improved the viability of healthy cells (Qazi et al.2018).
Antitumour activity of Annona muricata L. leaf methanol extracts against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma and Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites mediated tumours in Swiss albino mice
Published in Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2021
Aditi Venkatesh Naik, Shanti N. Dessai, Krishnan Sellappan
Nonetheless, few investigators have reported that A. muricata induces cytotoxicity due to alteration in glucose metabolism resulting in unsafe metabolism obstructions. This impedance can be a target against cancer since the proliferating tumour cells have high energy demand provided by aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation [32,37]. Some acetogenins, such as annonacin are also coupled with toxicity due to the impedances with mitochondrial performance and reduction in energy production in cells suggestive of anti-proliferative potential [7,11].