Is Brachytherapy Cost Effective?
William Y. Song, Kari Tanderup, Bradley R. Pieters in Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy, 2017
The cost to implement either a brachytherapy or EBRT program can vary based on the technology and technique used to deliver the specific treatment. In the past 15 years, there has been a significant change in the way patients are treated with the advancement of image guidance and dose escalation. These advancements have allowed physicians to shorten the treatment course with comparable clinical outcomes. In the area of prostate cancer, there are a number of treatment options available with radiation therapy. These options range from LDR, HDR, to EBRT. Within HDR and EBRT, the fractionation schemes can be different based on the disease stage, institutional adoption of treatment techniques, and patient preference. Each of these treatment options have a different level of commitment from an organization, from capital equipment and staffing to physical space. There is also a difference in the cost to construct the physical space to accommodate each treatment modality. In Table 29.2, we breakdown the actual capital and operational expenses to start a program in the United States.
Hereditary Prostate Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogenous disease and a number of different approaches exist to determine prognosis which influences choice of therapy. Risk stratification uses a variety of clinical and laboratory data, including PSA at time of diagnosis, Gleason grade, and American Joint Commission on Cancer staging information [72]; risk categories extend from very low to very high risk localized disease to regional and metastatic disease [5]. The choice of treatment for localized disease has changed dramatically over the past decade due to the recognition that low-grade cancers may not cause morbidity and/or mortality in an individual's lifetime. For men with Gleason grade 6 and low-volume disease with life expectancies <20 years, active surveillance including every 6-month assessments and protocol-driven biopsies can be considered. For patients with intermediate risk disease, the patient and provider have a number of treatment choices to consider including radical prostatectomy (robotic or open) and external beam radiation therapy (often including androgen deprivation therapy). Many factors enter into the choice of therapy including life expectancy, tumor characteristics, and patient/provider preferences. Regardless of treatment choice for both localized and regional prostate cancer, 5-year survivals are ≥9%.
Genetics of prostate cancer
J. K. Cowell in Molecular Genetics of Cancer, 2003
While the actual genes responsible for prostate cancer susceptibility remain elusive, several genetic regions have been linked to hereditary prostate cancer. The first of these identified, and termed HPC1, was originally thought to account for up to 34% of hereditary prostate cancer. Confirmatory studies have strengthened the evidence for the presence of HPC1. However, it has become clear that families linked to HPC1 account for a minority of hereditary prostate cancer families; specifically those that demonstrate early age of onset as well as a large number of affected cases. Another genetic locus with significant evidence of linkage to prostate cancer susceptibility was found on Xq27–28, adding strength to the hypothesis that a fraction of prostate cancer segregates as an X-linked trait. Two other loci on chromosome 1 have also been implicated as harboring prostate cancer susceptibility genes. The first of these, PCAP, is located distally from HPC1 on lq42. The other on lp36, CaPB, was identified in families segregating brain tumors as well as prostate cancer. Finally, a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16q has been suggested based on a study of multiplex sibships.
The Role of Genetic Variants in the Association between Dietary Acrylamide and Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Andy Perloy, Leo J. Schouten, Piet A. van den Brandt, Roger Godschalk, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Janneke G. F. Hogervorst
Prostate cancer is a hormone-related cancer that is responsive to androgen deprivation (hormonal) therapy (1). In the western world, prostate cancer has one of the highest incidence rates of all cancers in men, with approximately 759,000 new cases in 2012 (2). Age, family history of prostate cancer, and black race are accepted risk factors, but other risk factors have not been convincingly established (3). Incidence rates (both overall and age-specific) vary widely between countries, which can partly be explained by the increase of prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) testing in developed countries (4). Environmental factors may also contribute to these differences. For example, migrant studies have shown that prostate cancer incidence rates increased among men who migrated to a region with higher prostate cancer incidence (5). Of course, increased access of migrants to PSA testing may contribute to this rise in incidence, but dietary factors are also believed to influence the incidence of prostate cancer (6). However, to date, there is still little known about a possible association between diet and prostate cancer (3).
Development, evaluation, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution estimation of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for prostate cancer targeting
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Alok Nath Sharma, Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
When cells in the body begin to grow out of control, called as cancer. Cancer cells can develop in practically any part of the body and spread to other parts of the body. When cells in the prostate gland begin to grow out of control, prostate cancer develops. The prostate gland is only found in men. It produces some of the fluid found in sperm (Ostrom et al.2014). The prostate is located beneath the bladder (a hollow organ that stores urine) and in front of the rectum (the last part of the intestines). Seminal vesicles, located just behind the prostate, produce the majority of the fluid for semen. The urethra, the tube that transports urine and sperm out of the body through the penis, runs through the prostate’s core. Older males and non-Hispanic Black men are more prone to acquire prostate cancer. Men aged 65 and up account for about 6 out of every 10 instances. It is a diverse disease, with incidence rates ranging from 6.3 to 83.4 per 100,000 individuals around the world (Wang et al.2012).
The influence of marital intimacy on urinary and sexual symptom experience among patients with prostate cancer: a cross-sectional study†
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2018
Seongmi Moon, Juhye Jin, Sang Hyeon Cheon, Sungchan Park, Sun-Hee Kim
Urinary symptoms are highly troublesome in the daily lives of patients with prostate cancer undergoing cancer treatments. Urinary leakage and odor accompanied by the leakage cause patients to limit the time spent outside the home, and these patients feel shame and embarrassment about personal hygiene concerns and about using diapers (Kim & Han, 2012; Weber & Roberts, 2015). South Korean patients with prostate cancer avoid social interaction or public meetings such as going to a public bath house because of feelings of shame about wearing diapers (Kim & Han, 2012). However, supportive care beyond medical treatments for urinary problems is limited to professional counseling consisting of discussion about the disease and its treatments. Patients with prostate cancer feel that the counseling does little to prepare them for the daily management of the disease (Weber & Roberts, 2015). Under these circumstances, men who have a good marital relationship might be provided with actual support regarding personal hygiene, odor control, diaper management, and social activities, because these men are able to talk to their wives their private urinary problems easily and receive help from them.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bladder
- Bone
- Lymph Node
- Metastasis
- Urine
- Semen
- Erectile Dysfunction
- Prostate
- Gland
- Male Reproductive System