Physical activity and prostate cancer
Roy J. Shephard in Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera, 2017
This chapter looks at the value of physical activity in the prevention and management of prostate cancer. A systematic review noted that early studies were retrospective; two reports found an association between heavy occupational work and the risk of prostate cancer, and a third report found an increased risk among those who had once been enrolled in university athletic teams. Exercise programmes also play an important role in management following the successful treatment of prostate cancers by androgen deprivation therapy and/or surgery. Given the practical importance of containing prostate cancer, many further investigations have now looked at the preventive value of regular physical activity. Patterns of recent leisure activity could theoretically be ascertained by interview or by the use of a personal monitor such as an accelerometer, but because large number of subjects has been involved in many studies of prostate cancer, recourse has usually been to physical activity questionnaires.
Multiplet resonances in MRS data from normal and cancerous prostate
Dževad Belkić, Karen Belkić in Signal Processing in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Biomedical Applications, 2010
Spectroscopic imaging through in vivo magnetic resonance has made a major impact in a wide range of areas related to prostate cancer diagnostics and clinical decision making. Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) alone, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) has substantially improved the accuracy with which prostatic tumor and extracapsular extension are detected, as well as helping to distinguish cancerous prostate from benign prostatic hypertrophy. The major breakthroughs in prostate cancer diagnostics have relied heavily upon assessment of the metabolic characteristics of larger areas of suspected tumor, peri-tumoral regions and normal tissue. MRSI may help identify aggressive prostate cancer. A strong linear correlation has been reported between with cancer aggressiveness, as gauged by the Gleason grade, a decrease in citrate and increased choline. Pade-optimized MRSI with its capability to unequivocally resolve and quantify multiplet resonances and otherwise exceedingly challenging spectra with many overlapping resonances could undoubtedly provide valuable information for improving prostate cancer diagnostics.
Genetics of prostate cancer
J. K. Cowell in Molecular Genetics of Cancer, 2003
This chapter reviews the genetic basis of prostate cancer, and concentrates on inherited predisposition to prostate cancer as the hereditary component of prostate cancer is believed to be the largest of all tumor types. No differences were found in the three groups divided on the basis of the degree of hereditary prostate cancer characteristics being present in the family. The first group consisted of men who were considered as having a hereditary form of the disease: 3 or more affected in a single generation, prostate cancer occurred in three successive generations, or two cases of prostate cancer diagnosed before the age of 55. The second and third groups consisted of individuals with either no affected family members, or family members were affected, but not to the degree as in the first group. The elucidation of the real nature of these associations awaits the identification of the prostate susceptibility genes.
Prostate-specific antigen decline pattern in advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy and relationship with prostate-specific antigen progression
Published in The Aging Male, 2017
Erdem Akbay, Murat Bozlu, Selahittin Çayan, Pelin Özcan Kara, Mesut Tek, Cuma Aytekin
Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate prostate-specific antigen decline pattern including prostate-specific antigen kinetics following androgen deprivation therapy on prostate-specific antigen progression in the patients with advanced prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Ninety-seven advanced prostate cancer patients receiving maximum androgen deprivation therapy were enrolled in case–control study. Baseline prostate-specific antigen, Gleason Score, bone metastase, nadir prostate-specific antigen, time to nadir prostate-specific antigen, declining slope to nadir prostate-specific antigen, estimated baseline prostate-specific antigen half-time, current prostate-specific antigen, post-nadir prostate-specific antigen time, estimated prostate-specific antigen, estimated decline of baseline prostate-specific antigen as quantitative, and ratio were recorded and calculated. Results: The ratio of prostate-specific antigen progression was significantly lower at the patients who had slower declining slope to prostate-specific antigen, longer time to nadir prostate-specific antigen, and lower estimated decline ratio of baseline prostate-specific antigen (p: .016, p: .020, and p: .026, respectively). Conclusions: The shorter time to nadir prostate-specific antigen following androgen deprivation therapy, faster declining slope to nadir prostate-specific antigen and higher estimated decline ratio of baseline prostate-specific antigen are associated with higher risk of disease progression in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Perceived Risk and Worry About Prostate Cancer: A Proposed Conceptual Model
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2006
Julie Schnur, Terry DiLorenzo, Guy Montgomery, Joel Erblich, Gary Winkel, Simon Hall, Dana Bovbjerg
Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer among American men, and worry about the disease has psychological, behavioral, and biological consequences. To better understand prostate cancer-specific worry, the authors tested a model of the interrelationships among family history of prostate cancer, perceived risk of and worry about prostate cancer, and perceived risk of and worry about other diseases. Men who attended prostate cancer-screening appointments at a general urology practice (n = 209) were given a brief anonymous self-report measure. Structural equation modeling (LISREL) results indicated: (1) perceived risk of prostate cancer mediated the relationship between family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer worry; (2) perceived risk of other diseases increased perceived risk of prostate cancer; and (3) prostate cancer worry and increased other disease worry.
Performance of free prostate-specific antigen ratio in differentiating between prostatic cancer and benign prostatic lesions at a referral hospital in South Africa
Published in South African Family Practice, 2018
Boitumelo Phiri-Ramongane, Ayeaye Khine
Background: Prostate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in our male population, thus screening initiatives will help to improve outcomes. The current screening marker, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is not prostate cancer specific. The development of percentage free PSA (%FPSA) has largely improved the detection of prostate cancer. Objectives: To assess the performance of %FPSA ratio at the 25% cut-off and its ability to distinguish between prostate cancer and benign prostatic lesions. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on male patients with total prostate-specific antigen values