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Stress Management and Meditation
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Graves' disease patients not only had a considerably significant amount of stressful events in life, but they also had a huge impact of stressful and negative life events contrasted with normal controls and patients with toxic nodules (Matos-Santos et al., 2001). One of the studies documented a substantial rise in Graves' disease incidence throughout the civil war in Eastern Serbia (Paunkovic et al., 1998). Stress may give rise to a weakness in immunological surveillance, ultimately causing the synthesis of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (Ranabir & Reetu, 2011). Moreover, stress can lead to menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and amenorrhea in females. Amid newly imprisoned females, along with stress, 33% had irregularities of menstruation and 9% had amenorrhea (Allsworth et al., 2007), and in males, there can be changed morphology and motility of sperm and diminished sperm count (McGrady, 1984). Oligospermia, impotency and ejaculatory problems may be related to psychological components in males' infertility (Palti, 1969). Psychological stress may give rise to persistent stimulation of the neuroendocrine systems. Stress hormone (cortisol) promotes central obesity, a rise in ghrelin and a leptin drop, and encourages enhanced appetite and food consumption. This condition gives rise to the recent obesity epidemic (Siervo et al., 2009).
Epigenetics in Sperm, Epigenetic Diagnostics, and Transgenerational Inheritance
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Jennifer L. M. Thorson, Millissia Ben Maamar, Michael K. Skinner
Molecular diagnostics are shifting the evaluation and treatment of human diseases. In reproductive health, male factors are involved in the couple's infertility in 50% of cases (73). The diagnosis to establish a male infertility is currently primarily through semen analysis, which evaluates sperm concentration, motility, and morphology using light microscopy (74). However, semen analysis is a poor predictor of a male fertility except in cases of oligospermia, azoospermia, or oligozoospermia (75,76).
Spinal Cord Disease
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Sensory findings may include subtle or asymptomatic loss of vibration. Endocrinologically, patients may show: Gynecomastia (may be asymptomatic).Testicular atrophy.Oligospermia with reduced fertility.
Karyotypic abnormalities and molecular analysis of Y chromosome microdeletion in Iranian Azeri Turkish population infertile men
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Mostafa Akbarzadeh Khiavi, Akbar Jalili, Azam Safary, Ziba Gharedaghchi, Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad, Amir Mehdizadeh, Seyyed Ali Rahmani
Infertility is characterized by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (Vander Borght and Wyns 2018). Approximately one-half of infertility can be due to male-related factors or in combination with female-related fertility disorders (Heidary et al. 2018). Male infertility usually occurs because of low sperm count or oligospermia, poor sperm motility, and morphological abnormalities (Hwang et al. 2010). Azoospermia refers to one of the sperm-related abnormalities which is related to sperm deficiency in semen fluid caused by non-obstructive or obstructive abnormalities (Cocuzza et al. 2013). Non-obstructive azoospermia is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by testis inability for sperm production (Tiseo et al. 2015). This kind of azoospermia includes 60% of the azoospermic population and represents the more severe male infertility factor (Cocuzza et al. 2013). It has been demonstrated that environmental and genetic backgrounds play an important role in the prevalence of non-obstructive azoospermia. The main genetic factors include hereditary hypothalamus-hypophysis disorders, chromosomal (structural or numeral) anomalies, genetic mutations and polymorphisms, and Y chromosome microdeletions (Naasse et al. 2015).
Sperm DNA damage and its impact on male reproductive health: a critical review for clinicians, reproductive professionals and researchers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2019
Ashok Agarwal, Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam, Saradha Baskaran, Chak-Lam Cho
Studies have compared the reproductive outcome of ICSI with ejaculatory sperm (EJA-ICSI) or testicular sperm (TESTI-ICSI) in oligospermic and high SDF subjects [156,157]. Higher clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were reported in TESTI-ICSI group suggesting it as an effective option to overcome infertility in men with oligospermia and high SDF in the ejaculate. In line with these reports, a recent prospective study involving 36 men with high SDF compared the reproductive outcome of TESA-ICSI against EJA-ICSI group [158]. Significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate was noted with TESA-ICSI group (38.89%) compared to EJA-ICSI group (13.8%). Furthermore, live births in TESA group were documented to be 17 when compared to three in EJA group [158]. The basis behind the use of testicular sperm is that it bypasses post testicular DNA damage induced by OS during epididymal transit of spermatozoa. The results of SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis support the use of testicular sperm while performing ICSI in infertile couples with post-testicular SDF [159]. However, due to intrinsic risks associated with sperm retrieval, TESTI-ICSI should be considered only when other less invasive strategies for reducing SDF was unsuccessful.
Systemic medications used in treatment of common dermatological conditions: safety profile with respect to pregnancy, breast feeding and content in seminal fluid
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Sarah Madeline Brown, Khadija Aljefri, Rachel Waas, Philip Hampton
There is little in the literature regarding teratogenicity following paternal methotrexate exposure (35). There is one case report of a man with Reiters syndrome who was treated with methotrexate for 5 months prior to conception and fathered a normal child (31). Methotrexate can cause chromosomal abnormalities and point mutations. In animal studies, it has previously been found to result in degeneration of spermatocytes, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells in the testes of rats (36). In humans, reversible oligospermia has been reported (31). A case of a patient with severe psoriasis treated with methotrexate showed a low-sperm count of 0.8–3.1 million/mL at 16–20 days following discontinuation. Following 4 months without treatment his sperm count rose to 44–51 million/mL. His sperm count dropped again on restarting methotrexate treatment (35). It is recommended that methotrexate should be discontinued in men for at least 3 months and up to 6 months prior to conception (10).