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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
About 5 to 20% of patients with multiple severe injuries probably have some degree of this condition, almost certainly as a result of liquid bone marrow fat passing into torn veins within the marrow. Most develop signs of respiratory distress, cerebral irritation, sometimes leading to coma and skin petechiae within 12 to 48 hours. The petechiae are usually more marked in the upper half of the body, and lipuria is common. This embolisation causes release of serotonin and histamine, and haemorrhage into the alveoli, so that the patient tends to develop ARDS. Better management has improved the prognosis.
Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Random specimens may be less accurate if the creatinine is high or low, such as during athletic activities or cachexia, respectively. Even so, random specimen calculations are usually preferred over 24-hour collections because of convenience and less likelihood of error, such as not adhering to the collection instructions. Urinalysis may also show casts that are epithelial cell, fatty, granular, hyaline, or waxy in type. A glomerular order is suggested to be the cause of nephrotic syndrome if there is lipiduria, as fatty casts, oval fat bodies in tubular cells, or present as free globules. Plain microscopy can detect urinary cholesterol, showing a Maltese cross pattern when crossed polarized light is used. Triglycerides can be revealed by the use of Sudan staining.
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Published in Jack L. Leahy, Nathaniel G. Clark, William T. Cefalu, Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, 2000
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day or greater than 3g/g creatinine. If protein production does not equal protein excretion, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, lipiduria, and edema occur. Unlike the proteinuria that occurs in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, diabetes-associated heavy proteinuria often persists even when glomerular filtration is markedly reduced.
Kidney and lipids: novel potential therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia in kidney disease?
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Konrad Zuzda, Wiktoria Grycuk, Jacek Małyszko, Jolanta Małyszko
Dyslipidemia is frequently observed in patients with CKD [23], nephrotic syndrome [24], and renal transplantation [25]. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by excessive hyperlipidemia, lipiduria, proteinuria of more than 3.5 g per day, hypoalbuminemia, and generalised oedema. Abnormalities in the lipid pattern in CKD are observed from early stages, with a tendency to deteriorate with disease progression [10,26]. The possible links between dyslipidemia and lipotoxicity have been reviewed in recent years [27,28].