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Meeting personal needs: elimination
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Although urinary incontinence can be an isolated condition, it also occurs in the context of other health problems, particularly those that affect activity (Chiarelli and Weatherall 2010). Some medicines can contribute to incontinence; Bob’s incontinence was probably caused by clozapine. Studies have indicated an association between urinary incontinence and diabetes (Jackson et al. 2005; Lewis et al. 2005). As the central and peripheral nervous systems regulate bladder function, neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, often affect continence (see NICE 2012 for a detailed consideration). Bar and Sowney (2007) identified that incontinence rates are often higher among people with learning disabilities due to accompanying physical disabilities and impaired mobility. People with learning as well as a physical disability may not be able to communicate that they need to be taken to the toilet, especially if staff are not familiar with their method of communicating this need, which may be through signing or symbols. People with dementia may develop functional incontinence due to difficulties in finding the toilet, memory problems, poor manual dexterity, impaired cognition or reduced mobility (Hägglund 2010). The unfamiliarity of the hospital environment may increase these difficulties for all individuals. For prevalence of urinary incontinence, see Box 6.57.
Conservative Treatment
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Samer Shamout, Lysanne Campeau
*Functional incontinence: Complaint of involuntary loss of urine that results from an inability to reach the toilet due to cognitive, functional, or mobility impairments in the presence of an intact lower urinary tract.7
Functional GI Disorders
Published in Kevin W. Olden, Handbook of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2020
Table 3 also indicates frequencies of functional GI diagnoses based on age strata. When compared to respondents 45 years and over, there was a greater frequency of functional GI disorders in younger patients—for all diagnoses: age 15-34: OR 1.17,95% CI 1.0-1.4; age 35-44: OR 1.24,95% CI 1.1-1.5). With regard to specific diagnoses, the younger groups were more likely to report most categories of functional esophageal symptoms, aerophagia, IBS, and proctalgia fugax. However, the frequency of functional incontinence increased with age.
Economic analysis of Electrical Muscle Stimulator with Multipath technology for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a UK-based cost-utility analysis
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2020
Mehdi Javanbakht, Atefeh Mashayekhi, Ash Monga, Jowan Atkinson, Michael Branagan-Harris
There are various different types of UI, all of which are characterized by the involuntary leakage of urine. The most common forms are as follows: (1) Stress urinary incontinence (“SUI”) is the complaint of involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion including sporting activities or on sneezing or coughing. (2) Urgency urinary incontinence (“UUI”) is involuntary urine leakage accompanied or immediately preceded by urgency (a sudden compelling desire to urinate that is difficult to defer)5. (3) Functional incontinence, which exists when an individual is aware of the need to urinate, but for physical or mental reasons is unable to get to the bathroom. (4) Mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), which is the existence of both SUI and UUI together, and (5) Overflow incontinence is the complaint of UI in the symptomatic presence of an excessively (over-) full bladder. The prevalence of SUI alone steadily increases from 4.5% in 20–24 year olds to a peak prevalence of 18.2% at 45–49 years of age and then gradually falls to plateau at 10.9% from 60 years of age onward4, while approximately 40% of those patients that have UI are believed to be affected by SUI6.
Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence in the aging male
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) refers to the involuntary loss of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure (e.g., coughing, sneezing, straining, lifting, exercising) [12]. Mixed urinary incontinence encompasses both UUI and SUI. Overflow incontinence refers to involuntary leakage of urine caused by overfilling of the bladder. Reflex incontinence indicates leakage of urine without urge and may occur in those with underlying neurological disease. Those who leak urine due to a physical disability or barrier (e.g., person using a walker not being able to get to the restroom quickly enough to void) have functional incontinence and nocturnal enuresis refers to leakage of urine during sleep.
Antimuscarinic drug therapy for overactive bladder syndrome in the elderly – are the concerns justified?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Functional incontinence becomes increasingly prevalent with age, whether there is underlying lower urinary tract dysfunction or not, consequent to the disabling effects of some of the common conditions of later life, including dementia, stroke, arthritis, peripheral vascular disease, congestive cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, musculoskeletal conditions including arthritis, falls and fractures, etc. [20].