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Respiratory, endocrine, cardiac, and renal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Several factors may be associated in monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: genetic factors;a delay in the development of the arousal response to bladder distension;a maturation blunting of the normal vasopressin peak concentration during nocturnal sleep.
Enuresis 1
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
Structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, which can at times be quite subtle, can cause enuresis (usually daytime) and often in the form of stress or urgency incontinence.
Relationship Between Habitual Snoring and Primary Enuresis in Children
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
M.A. Mahara, O.R. Ramayani, E. Effendy, M.L.R.S. Siregar, B. Siregar, R. Ramayanti
The risk factors of enuresis are socioeconomic, psychological and genetic. Von Gontard (2012) stated that 70-80% of children with enuresis had genetic disorders. In their study, Solanki and Desai (2014) had a different opinion. They found that the risk factors of enuresis were socioeconomic status and the presence of a urinary tract infection. The latter result was similar to a report from Makrani et al. (2015), who found that psychological factors, socioeconomic levels and urinary tract infections were the risk factors of enuresis.
Evaluation of boys with daytime incontinence by combined cystourethroscopy, voiding cystourethrography and urodynamics
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Lilia Winck-Flyvholm, Karen Damgaard Pedersen, Simone Hildorf, Jorgen Thorup
Between 2010 and 2018, we investigated 75 boys aged 5–14 (median age 9) years old according to a prospective set-up with cystourethroscopy including application of a suprapubic catheter in general anesthesia and within 24 h thereafter VCUG followed by urodynamic combined cystometry and pressure-flow study. All boys had daily problems with urinary incontinence, urgency and eventually frequency (more than seven times per day). The median number of daily voiding was 7 and 57% (43/75) of the boys had frequency. Nocturnal enuresis, defined as bedwetting at least once a month, was also noted in 46 boys. Prior to inclusion all boys had previously tried urotherapy for a period of 3 months to 5 years (median 1 year) and the minority (23%, 17/75) had additionally included periods of anticholinergic treatment with unsatisfactorily effect. The urotherapy regime included evaluation and regular monitoring with three days frequency volume charts, uroflowmetry and bladder emptying by ultrasonography. None of the boys had any previous episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) recorded. None of the boys had neurological symptoms or abnormalities and none had obstructive flow pattern at repeated uroflowmetry. All the boys had normal upper urinary tract estimated by ultrasound examination. The boys had follow-up for 1 month to 9 years (median 2 years and 8 months).
Psychiatric comorbidities of mild intellectual disability in children and adolescents in a clinical setting
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2021
Selma Tural Hesapcioglu, Mehmet Fatih Ceylan, Meryem Kasak, Cansu Pınar Yavas
Enuresis nocturna was the fourth most common comorbid disorder among the cases with mild ID, and 16.2% of the cases had comorbid enuresis. The average age of the ID children in our study was about 12 years old, and the incidence of enuresis nocturna in the normal population of a similar age group was 2–3% (Spee-van der Wekke et al.1998). Enuresis is a frequent disorder in children with special needs, and coexisting incontinence can have an additive negative effect on the well-being and quality of life of the patient, affecting his or her daily and family functioning (von Gontard et al.2011). In Basiri et al.’s study (2017), the boys with primary nocturnal enuresis had lower IQs when compared with the healthy control group, but only in a low-income district. Thus, they suggested adjusting the results of the IQ assessment in these children according to their socioeconomic status.
Temporal Reward Discounting in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Systematic Review
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2019
Gabrielle Chequer de Castro Paiva, Danielle de Souza Costa, Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz, Débora Marques de Miranda, Jonas Jardim de Paula
The diagnostic criteria used for ADHD were similar among the studies. Four of the five studies used a version of the Conner’s’ Parent Rating Scale (Conners, 2008), and the other one used only the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (Birmaher et al., 2009). Thus, DSM-IV (APA, 1994) criteria for ADHD was adopted in all studies. Other complementary measures used were: ADHD Rating Scale (Pappas, 2006) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 2001) (3 studies); Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, Fourth Edition (Shaffer, Fisher, Lucas, Dulcan, and Schwab- Stone, 2000) and ADHD Rating Scale (Pappas, 2006) (2 studies); and finally, Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, Dumenci, & Rescorla, 2001), and SNAP-IV (Mattos, Pinheiro, Rohde, & Pinto, 2006) (1 study). Oppositional Defiant Disorder comorbidity was described in all studies. One article also described symptoms of nocturnal enuresis, anxiety and depression (Scheres et al., 2006). The study with children with ASD used the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (Rutter, Le Couteur, & Lord, 2003) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al., 2000) as diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic classification was based on DSM-IV criteria.