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Bladder exstrophy and epispadias
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Contemporary estimates for the incidence of bladder exstrophy vary considerably. A recent international epidemiologic study placed the overall incidence at 2 per 100 000 births with a 2 : 1 male to female ratio. In the UK, the estimated incidence is 1 in 30 000 live births, with a 3 : 1 male preponderance. Primary epispadias has a similar male bias but is less common, with an incidence of 1 in 120 000. The surgical management of this rare group of anomalies is often concentrated in major surgical centres as in the UK, enabling the refinement of different surgical approaches.
Exstrophy-epispadias complex
Published in J Kellogg Parsons, E James Wright, The Brady Urology Manual, 2019
Bladder exstrophy: Approximately 1 in 40 000 live births2MaleTemale ratio is approximately 2:13More common in whites than in other races.
Genitourinary and trunk
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
It is a multisystem disorder with anomalies that fall along a spectrum – bladder exstrophy epispadia complex. Features of bladder exstrophy include abdominal wall defect, separation of the symphysis pubis and absent anterior bladder wall and eversion of the bladder. There is an increased risk of carcinoma if left untreated due to cystitis glandularis.
Bladder Exstrophy Polyp: An Uncommon Entity in Surgical Pathology
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Bladder exstrophy is a congenital malformation with a prevalence of 2.07 cases per 100,000 births [1,2]. It occurs in both genders with a slight male predominance (2:1) [2]. The occurrence of polyps in these bladders is relatively well-known to urologists. However, these polyps are not routinely sent for pathological examination. Therefore, such polyps could be a challenge to pathologists who are less familiar with this entity [1].
Complex maternal congenital anomalies – a rare presentation and delivery through a supra-umbilical abdominal incision
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Samantha Bonner, Yara Mohammed
Cloacal exstrophy is an extremely rare, complex malformation of the genital tract, affecting both males and females at 3–4:1 (Bildircin et al. 2012). Its estimated prevalence is 1 in 400,000 live births (Bildircin et al. 2012). With advances in reconstructive surgery, patients born with bladder exstrophy will face the reproductive challenges associated with their condition.