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Arsenic Toxicity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Acute arsenic toxicity is most frequently caused by accidental ingestion of pesticides or an attempted suicide. Complications of acute arsenic toxicity may include hemolysis, skin rash, Mees lines in the nails, toxic cardiomyopathy, vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain, diarrhea, and black water urine (dark urine). In acute poisoning, hemodynamic stabilization is of primary importance. Acute arsenic poisoning can lead to cancer, liver disease, coma, and death. Medical treatment of arsenic poisoning typically involves bowel irrigation, medication, and chelation therapy.
Skin manifestations of poisoning
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Various available chelating agents for arsenic toxicity are DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid), DMPS (dimercaptopropane succinate), and d-penicillamine [41–43]. DMPS has shown good results in some studies by increasing urinary excretion of arsenic.
Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Acute arsenic toxicity is life-threatening and, in most cases, induces coma and death if vital signs are not stabilized and life support monitoring is not instituted. Delay or prevention of As absorption in cases of high-dose oral exposure is possible by the consumption of large volumes of water, commencement of gastric lavage, or administration of cathartics, if initiated in a timely manner. Chelation therapy with BAL and/or pencillamine is indicated for acute As poisoning.
Sulfhydryl compound levels are associated with ATO-induced side effects in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients
Published in Hematology, 2023
Meijuan Sui, Hong Wei, Xiaohan Shen, Keke Gao, Qian Zhang, Zhuo Zhang
Leukocytosis is the most common side effect of ATO treatment, which can induce obviously hypoxemia and hypoglycemia, this can lead to dyspnea, chest tightness, cyanosis of the lips, cold sweating, coma and fatigue [6]. Hepatotoxicity was observed in 65.5% of APL patients treated with single-agent ATO, especially during the induction phase. Increased liver enzymes (ALT, AST and GGT) are indicators of ATO-induced liver toxicity, accounting for 96.6% of the observed hepatotoxicity [7]. ATO is hydrolyzed into trivalent inorganic arsenic (iAsIII), which can be rapidly converted into other metabolites in the liver [8]. The reason for arsenic toxicity is the concentration of trivalent metabolites in the body [9,10]. The main arsenic metabolites can bind to plasma proteins and enter into cells [11,12]. These characteristics are important to evaluate therapeutic effects and side effects [13,14].
Ameliorative role of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors against sodium arsenite-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Ashwani Kumar Sharma, Anmoldeep Kaur, Tajpreet Kaur, Sarabjit Kaur, Devendra Pathak, Amrit Pal Singh
Arsenic toxicity is a major health hazard worldwide and estimated 200 million people are exposed to higher arsenic levels in drinking water than maximum exposure limit of 50 µg/L recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Although, reports of ground water contamination are available for more than 30 countries in different continents, the Gangetic plain covering West Bengal and Bangladesh has posed as worst case of arsenic led toxicity (Chakraborti et al. 2003). Apart from West Bengal, other states including Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and north eastern states in India have arsenic level above the WHO upper permissible limit of 50 µg/L. Exposure to arsenic has been documented to result in hepatic and renal damage in preclinical and clinical studies (Hsu et al. 2017, Mehrzadi et al. 2018, Tsai et al.2018, Gholamine et al. 2019, Yang et al.2019).
Heavy metals in milk: global prevalence and health risk assessment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Amir Ismail, Muhammad Riaz, Saeed Akhtar, Joseph E. Goodwill, Jin Sun
Ingestion of As is reported to cause different types of cancer in humans including skin cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, and lung cancer. Cardiovascular diseases, skin lesions, gastrointestinal, respiratory & urinary disorders as well as hyper pigmentation are some of the other major health impacts of arsenic toxicity in humans (Kapaj et al.2006, Bhattacharya et al.2007). Hg is among one of the most toxic heavy metals found in food chain and is reported to cause a number of disorders in human beings. The nervous system disorders in Japan (1950 s) and Iraq (1971–72) were found associated with the ingestion of methyl mercury (Ratcliffe et al.1996). Hg is reported to decrease memory in children and to cause various disorders including reproductive, nervous, cardiac, genetic, motor, and immunity system (Zahir et al.2005).