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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Breast prostheses, following mastectomy (which contain many types of filling including home-made ones with padding, foam, bird-seed, etc.) are normally removed before chest radiography, but implants may sometimes be confusing, especially when calcified (Illus. BREAST-IMPLANT, Breast Pts. 36 & 37a-b).
Breast revision after mastectomy, whole breast reconstruction, and postmastectomy radiation therapy
Published in Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava, Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Management of the Breast, 2020
Patients not uncommonly present with contraction of a breast implant after breast-conservation surgery and radiotherapy performed in the context of prior implant augmentation. This is a particularly challenging reconstructive problem to correct with a high risk of implant loss secondary to attempted capsulectomy and implant exchange. A preferred approach is to consider these cosmetically augmented patients as being small breasted and instead of undertaking breast conservation, nipple-sparing mastectomy can be performed thereby avoiding radiation therapy. Most patients who undergo breast augmentation with implants have A- or B-cup-sized native breast tissue and in terms of breast reconstruction should be assessed accordingly. In addition, many small-breasted patients tend to be relatively thin with limited autologous tissue salvage options in the event that outcomes from breast-conservation therapy are poor.
The breasts
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Historically silicone or paraffin was sometimes injected directly into the breast tissues for cosmetic breast augmentation; a foreign body-type giant cell reaction with subsequent fibrosis was invariably seen. More recently, silicone-filled breast implants, either for cosmetic breast augmentation or for breast reconstruction after surgery, have been used. Leakage of silicone from these may induce a granulomatous and giant-cell reaction and cause tenderness or nodularity. Histologically, small pools of the inert, non-polarizing material may be seen, sometimes surrounded by macrophages and multinucleated giant cells.
Feasibility and efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound of breast fibroadenoma
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Mengdi Liang, Zhizheng Zhang, Cai Zhang, Rui Chen, Yao Xiao, Zi Li, Tao Li, Yuelin Liu, Lijun Ling, Hui Xie, Lin Chen, Xiaoan Liu, Shui Wang, Tiansong Xia
This prospective study has been registered in Clinical-Trials.gov (ChiCTR2100050068) and approved by the institutional ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (2020-SR-130). A written informed consent was obtained from each patient. From January 2021 to November 2022, a total of 113 patients diagnosed with breast fibroadenoma by core-needle biopsy in our hospital were recruited and underwent USgHIFU at our department. And the clinical outcome of 85 patients with a follow-up time of more than 3 months was analyzed in this study. The inclusion criterion included the following: (a) patients were older than 18 years; (b) the Breast Imaging Recording and Data System (BI-RADS) score ≤3 by ultrasound and mammography in addition for women older than 35 years; (c) breast fibroadenoma proved by core-needle biopsy; (d) the maximum diameter of lesion was between 5 and 40 mm; and (e) fibroadenomas with a safe acoustic pathway and the focus can reach the target. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) pathological diagnosis of breast cancer; (b) BI-RADS score ≥4; (c) pregnant or lactating women; (d) patients with evidence of coagulopathy, chronic liver diseases or renal failure; and (e) patients with breast implants.
Treatment of women with BRCA mutation
Published in Climacteric, 2023
All options of prophylactic breast removal eventually followed by breast reconstruction should be discussed in length. With the enormous progress in reconstructive surgery, many reconstructive options are now available. The skin and the areola, which is also skin tissue, can be saved. The option not to remove the nipple during breast ablation should be offered [15]. The removed breast tissue can be replaced by a breast implant. The advantage of this surgical option is that this operation is easy to perform, in virtually every clinical setting. A disadvantage is that this implant may need to be replaced when contractions of the capsule occur within the following years after the surgery. Newer techniques using injection of fat and fat stem cells may offer a solution. In this situation, the prosthesis is gradually deflated and replaced by autologous fat through fat injections. After several consecutive procedures the prosthesis may be completely replaced by this injected fat which has started to form viable fat tissue. Pictures of operations may help women to make the decision.
Response to letter to the editor: Bradford Hill and breast implant illness: evidence for a causal association with breast implants
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert, Charmaine van Eeden, Mohammed Osman
The authors argue that an association between breast implant illness (BII) and related symptoms is lacking. First, they state that a limitation of our assessment for causality is that BII has only been observed in cohort studies. The authors ignore the reported studies that were described [1]. Importantly, we reported that 23% of unselected patients with silicone breast implants (SBI) had BII commonly reported symptoms such as arthralgias/myalgias, and fatigue/sleep disturbances/cognitive impairment, and sicca/pyrexia, whereas the combination of these three characteristic symptoms was found in only 6% of healthy women without breast implants [1]. In addition, the authors argue that the only study with a formal risk calculation for autoimmune diseases may be hampered by residual confounding such as duration and intensity of smoking since the study by Watad et al. only adjusted for ‘ever versus never’ smoking [2].