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Cochlear Implants and Auditory Brainstem Implants
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Rajeev Mathew, Deborah Vickers, Patrick Axon, Manohar Bance
Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) are used for hearing restoration in patients with severe to profound hearing loss when a CI is not possible. Potential candidates include Adults with bilateral vestibular schwannoma due to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), undergoing tumour resection, in whom cochlear nerve preservation is not possible; the function of the cochlear nerve can be checked during surgery with electrically evoked ABR/compound action potentialAdults with cochlear ossification due to meningitis, labyrinthitis, fractures or otosclerosisChildren with bilateral cochlear aplasia or bilateral auditory nerve aplasia or dysplasia
Pendred Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Auditory brainstem implants stimulate the second-order auditory neurons (instead of the cochlear nerve) in the cochlear nucleus and may be considered for patients with severe cochlear or cochlear nerve malformations or aplasia, severe cochlear ossification, and temporal bone fractures associated with traumatic cochlear nerve avulsion.
The Role of the Audiologist in Life Care Planning
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
William D. Mustain, Carolyn Wiles Higdon
If the cochlear is congenitally absent or severely damaged by disease, or if the auditory nerve is damaged during surgery to remove a tumor, a cochlear implant is of no value. In these rare cases of profound deafness, an auditory brain stem implant may be indicated. The auditory brain stem implant uses technology similar to that of the cochlear implant, but instead of electrical stimulation being used to stimulate the cochlea, it is used to stimulate the brain stem.
Awake craniotomy for assisting placement of auditory brainstem implant in NF2 patients
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Qiangyi Zhou, Zhijun Yang, Zhenmin Wang, Bo Wang, Xingchao Wang, Chi Zhao, Shun Zhang, Tao Wu, Peng Li, Shiwei Li, Fu Zhao, Pinan Liu
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The disorder is genetically defined by a mutation of a tumorsuppressor gene on chromosome 22 coding for merlin, the lack or dysfunction of which leads to multiple nerve sheath tumors. Patients with NF2 always suffer bilateral hearing loss due to the surgical removal, progressive bilateral acoustic tumors, radiation therapy or other reasons [1]. Hearing loss is one of the main factors influencing quality of life and is difficult to handle in this condition. For bilateral auditory nerve injuries or disconnection in these patients, cochlear implant (CI) is not an appropriate option to reconstruct hearing. Auditory brainstem implant (ABI) can restore auditory function by bypassing the auditory nerve and directly stimulating the cochlear nucleus complex (CNC) in the brainstem [2–5]. However, auditory outcomes with ABIs are poor compared with those reported in CI users. Some ABI patients achieve open-set speech perception [6,7], but auditory benefits are limited to enhancing lip-reading for the majority of NF2 patients. Suboptimal placement of an ABI electrode array over the cochlear nucleus may be a crucial reason for poor auditory performance [8].
Emerging therapies for human hearing loss
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elise Ajay, Niliksha Gunewardene, Rachael Richardson
For patients where a CI is not suitable, such as those where the cochlea and/or auditory nerve are completely absent or severely damaged, an auditory brainstem implant may provide a means for hearing restoration. An auditory brainstem implant is a fully implanted device which uses an external system and internal receiver like the CI. However, instead of using an electrode array in the cochlea, up to 21 auditory brainstem implant electrodes are placed on the surface of the cochlear nuclei (Figure 1b) of the brainstem to stimulate the auditory pathway.
Facial nerve stimulation necessitating auditory brainstem implantation: 8 years follow-up a case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2021
Hilal Burcu Ozkan, Betul Cicek Cinar, Mehmet Yarali, Gonca Sennaroglu, Burcak Bilginer, Levent Sennaroglu
Functional assessment of hearing, auditory perception and language development, and intensive follow-ups play an important role in making the decision of CI in common cavity cases. Auditory brainstem implant is a good option for patients who are not eligible for or fail CI. Severe facial nerve stimulation limits mapping and may prevent benefit from CI and contralateral ABI may be a solution in this situation. It is possible to achieve speech development in children with ABI even if they stop using CI in their other ears.