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Hieh-Dose Immunosuppressive Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Support for Chronic Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Richard D. Huhn, Patrick F. Fogarty, Ryotaro Nakamura, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Finally, the potential benefit of graft-vs.-autoimmunity effect that could be provided by allotransplantation may deserve further investigation. Marmont and colleagues treated a patient with Evans syndrome by allogeneic reduced intensity transplantation and graded incremental donor lymphocyte infusions.64 They were able to achieve donor chimerism associated with grade II graft-vs.-host disease and complete clinical and biological remission of autoimmunie cytolysis in this patient. Further case series and/or formal trials of this approach with longer follow-up will be needed in order to better assess whether such a mechanism may contribute to remission of AITP to justify the risks of allogeneic transplantation.
Lung Transplantation in the Rat *
Published in Waldemar L. Olszewski, CRC Handbook of Microsurgery, 2019
Clinical lung transplantation has not reached the same success as transplantation of organs like kidney, heart, and liver. In only 4 of the 39 transplanted patients the graft functioned for 1 month and none functioned for 1 year.1 The most important cause of failure was rejection.2–4 An important feature of the lung is that, in contrast with most other organs, it contains a considerable amount of lymphoid tissue5 providing a large pool of passenger leukocytes augmenting the immunogenicity of a lung allograft.6 So one of the major problems in lung transplantation is an immunological one. To study the immunological aspects of lung allotransplantation an immunogenetically well-defined transplantation model is necessary. This can be achieved by the use of inbred rats instead of dogs or monkeys, commonly used in lung transplantation research. For this purpose we developed a technique in the rat for orthotopic left lung transplantation.7,8 This report compiles our experience with over 500 transplantations during a 4-year period.
Role of Procoagulant Activity (PCA) in Allograft Rejection
Published in Gary A. Levy, Edward H. Cole, Procoagulant Activity in Health and Disease, 2019
Peter Kim, Ivan Koh, Zane Cohen
Allotransplantation of an organ creates an artificial situation in which the activity of normal and appropriately reacting defense mechanisms of the immune system results in allograft rejection.1 Rejection of an allograft is initiated by the recognition of graft histocompatibility antigens.2–4 Transplantation antigens are cell surface structures that constitute the major immunologic barrier to successful transplantation. The major transplantation antigens are coded by a set of closely linked loci called the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is located on chromosome 6 in humans and on chromosome 17 in mice.5–7 The transplantation antigens are referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in humans, H-2 antigens in mice, and RT antigens in rats.7,8 The rapidity of the rejection of organ grafts between individuals of the same species (allografts) has been demonstrated to be inversely proportional to the degree of histocompatibility between individuals.8–10 Grafts between different species (xenografts) are rejected more promptly, whereas grafts from identical twins (isografts) and from an individual to himself (autografts) survive indefinitely if the vascular supply has been reestablished.3,4
The four category systematic approach for selecting patients for face transplantation
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Matias Sipilä, Emma-Lotta Kiukas, Andrew Lindford, Tuija Ylä-Kotola, Jouni Lauronen, Harri Sintonen, Patrik Lassus
However, whilst there has been a gradual evolution in indications and contraindications for FT with time, there is not yet a clear consensus across clinics worldwide. In practice, most centers would agree upon the indication of a large central facial defect associated with a functional deficit deemed unrepairable by conventional methods, a patient motivated for treatment, able to give informed consent and committed to lifelong follow-up and immunosuppression [5–9],3. Currently, patient selection is performed on a case-by-case basis, and thus far no definite conclusion has been reached regarding which facial defect is severe enough to justify the significant adverse effects of immunosuppressive medication as well as considerable surgical risk of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) 1,1,. Thus far, each VCA centre has pursued their own approach to patient selection with only a small number of patients per centre in a field that is still relatively new.
The value of cystatin C in predicting perioperative and long-term prognosis of renal transplantation
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Cuixing Zhou, Yimeng Chen, Xiaozhou He, Dong Xue
Kidney allotransplantation is the optimal treatment strategy for end-stage renal disease. With the expansion of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD), the number of renal transplantation (RT) recipients in China has been increasing continuously in recent years [1]. Perioperative management is the key to successful transplantation. Delayed graft function (DGF) is a common complication after allograft RT, usually caused by ischemic reperfusion injury and acute rejection of the transplanted kidney [2]. Patients with DGF require hemodialysis within one week after the operation. The occurrence of DGF has been shown to reduce the survival of the allograft, increase the incidence of acute rejection, and affect the postoperative survival of the recipient [3]. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely intervention of DGF are important for a better prognosis of RT. However, no indicator is currently available for precise evaluation of renal status during the perioperative period. The use of serum creatinine (sCr) levels to indicate renal function has some limitations because sCr is affected not only by renal function but also by age and other individual differences [4]. The levels of sCr increase only when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases by more than 50% [5].
The decellularized ovary as a potential scaffold for maturation of preantral ovarian follicles of prepubertal mice
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Sanaz Alaee, Raheleh Asadollahpour, Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
In decellularized tissues, the living cells of an organ are removed and the ECM is left nearly intact, explaining the trend toward their use in regenerative medicine. The lack of cells and low immunogenicity of these reconstructed tissues make them a good choice for allotransplantation and even xenotransplantation (Liu et al. 2017). The decellularization technique also provides a good vehicle for follicular development in constructing artificial ovaries. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the potential of the decellularized ovary to support ovarian follicle growth and maturation while determining the efficiency of a xenosource of ECM in follicular maturation. For this purpose, preantral follicles of prepubertal mice cultured in 2D and decellularized ovaries of mature rats to reach the antral stage. Finally, follicle survival rate, antrum formation rate, oocyte maturation, and levels of estradiol and progesterone were evaluated in both culture systems. In addition, follicle diameters and expression of a major group of follicular growth genes including zona pellucida 2 (ZP2), growth/differentiation factor-9 (Gdf9), bone morphogenetic protein 6(Bmp6), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (Bmp15) were evaluated in 2D and 3D systems and compared with the in vivo condition.