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The Semiparametric and Nonparametric Cure Models
Published in Yingwei Peng, Binbing Yu, Cure Models, 2021
The R package survival can be used to fit a mixture cure model and estimate cure rate nonparametrically with one categorical variable or discrete variable using the method discussed in Section 3.3.1. Using the leukemia data introduced in Section 2.6 as an example, we first obtain the nonparametric survival estimates of the two treatment groups using survfit function in survival package as follows: > z = survfit(Surv(time, cens) ~ transplant, data = goldman.data) > summary(z) Call: survfit(formula = Surv(time, cens) ~ transplant, data = goldman.data) transplant=Allogeneic time n.risk n.event survival std.err lower 95% CI upper 95% CI 11 46 1 0.978 0.0215 0.937 1.000 14 45 1 0.957 0.0301 0.899 1.000 23 44 1 0.935 0.0364 0.866 1.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 16 1 0.326 0.0691 0.215 0.494 819 13 1 0.301 0.0682 0.193 0.469 1256 8 1 0.263 0.0693 0.157 0.441 transplant=Autologous time n.risk n.event survival std.err lower 95% CI upper 95% CI 21 45 1 0.978 0.0220 0.936 1.000 40 44 1 0.956 0.0307 0.897 1.000 42 43 1 0.933 0.0372 0.863 1.000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 12 1 0.244 0.0641 0.146 0.409 277 11 1 0.222 0.0620 0.129 0.384 734 8 1 0.194 0.0601 0.106 0.356
AI and Autoimmunity
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
The objective of stem cell transplantation therapy is to destroy the mature, long-lived, and auto-reactive immune cells and generate a new, properly functioning immune system. The patient’s stem cells are used in a procedure known as autologous (from “one’s self”) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Figure 4.1). First, patients receive injections of a growth factor, which coaxes large numbers of hematopoietic stem cells to be released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. These cells are harvested from the blood, purified away from mature immune cells, and stored. After sufficient quantities of these cells are obtained, the patient undergoes a regimen of cytotoxic (cell-killing) drug and/or radiation therapy, which eliminates the mature immune cells. Then, the hematopoietic stem cells are returned to the patient via a blood transfusion into the circulation where they migrate to the bone marrow and begin to differentiate to become mature immune cells. The body’s immune system is then restored.53
Volumetric Approach to the Upper Face
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Deborshi Roy, Sachin M. Shridharani
Autologous fat transfer techniques have been well-described (7,8). Core fat from the abdomen, buttocks, or thighs must be harvested, prepped, and then injected into the desired location of the face. Specialized cannulas have been created for harvesting and injecting fat into the face. Typical volumes used for treatment of the temporal area range from 0.5 to 3 cc, depending on the amount of volumetric rejuvenation required. Fat transfer injections in this area are deep into the muscle.
Allogeneic epithelial cell sheet transplantation for preventing esophageal stricture after circumferential ESD in a porcine model: preliminary results
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Hee Kyong Na, Jeong Hoon Lee, In Kyong Shim, Hwoon-Yong Jung, Do Hoon Kim, Chong Jai Kim
Regenerative medicine has recently emerged as a new treatment option to heal or replace damaged tissues and organs. Some reports propose new regenerative methods to prevent post-ESD esophageal strictures, such as biological scaffolds [7], amniotic membranes [8], or cell suspensions [9,10]. Ohki et al. [11] first reported tissue-engineered cell sheets to heal post-ESD ulcers in a canine model. Cell sheet grafts could be fabricated by using temperature-responsive surfaces on which cells adhere, spread, and proliferate at 37 °C and then detach at temperatures below 32 °C [12]. Previous studies demonstrated the good efficacy of autologous epithelial cell sheets in preventing post-ESD esophageal stricture by promoting re-epithelialization and suppressing inflammation [11,13,14]. Allogeneic transplantation has its own advantages over autologous transplantation, including the availability of large cell pools, comprising differentiated and stem cells. Furthermore, allogeneic cell sheets would be less expensive and faster to harvest and cultivate than the autologous type. We hypothesized that allogeneic epithelial cell sheet transplantation was as effective as autologous cell sheet transplantation for preventing stricture by achieving early re-epithelialization. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of allogeneic epithelial cell sheet transplantation in preventing esophageal stricture after circumferential ESD in a porcine model.
Swine Model Without Allogeneic Transfusion for Pre-clinical Testing of a Newly Developed Sutureless Aortic Valve
Published in Structural Heart, 2020
Kim Sang Yoon, Lee Young Rae, Lee Ji Yoon, Son Bong Yeon, Chang Hyoung Woo, Lim Cheong
Methods: A total of 10 Cross-breed pigs with bodyweights of 76-94 kg were used. Two weeks before the operation, 2 packs of autologous whole blood were collected and stored in a refrigerator. The pre-collected autologous blood was used intra-operatively and post-operatively. Furthermore, acute normovolemic hemodilution technique was used in the last 2 cases to minimize the blood constituent loss. Avoiding bone marrow bleeding from sternotomy, left anterior thoracotomy was made. Mid-descending thoracic aorta, superior vena cava, right atrial auricle were used for arterial and venous cannulation. After distal ascending aorta was clamped, cardioplegic solution was delivered antegrade. Under low transverse aortotomy, native leaflets were excised and replaced with a newly developed sutureless aortic valve. After aortotomy closure, cardiopulmonary bypass was weaned off and hemodynamic function of the newly developed valve was examined by epicardial echocardiography. The wound was closed and ventilator weaning was tried.
Full-face augmentation using Tissuefill mixed with platelet-rich plasma: “Q.O.Fill”
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Hyejeong Lee, Kichan Yoon, Munjae Lee
For patients who desire full-face augmentation, Q.O.Fill is expected to be an excellent alternative to autologous fat transfer. Autologous fat transfer needs complex manipulations for harvesting and preparation of fat. However, Q.O.Fill has the advantage of a simple preparatory process. Autologous fat transfer has definite long-term volume augmentation results. Jason et al. showed that approximately 32% of the injected volume remains after 16 months (20). Matthew et al. showed that long-term (>6 months) patient satisfaction was believed to be excellent for 13%, good for 40%, and fair for 41% (21). Our study showed that Q.O.Fill also has definite long-term durability that 90.7% of participants felt much better or a little better until 2 years after the injection. Furthermore, Q.O.Fill can be very suitable for very thin patients with little fat to harvest.