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Affirm Recovery
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Secondary prevention includes those preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease, illness, or injury. These measures aim to limit disability, impairment, or dependency and prevent more severe health problems from developing in the future. Testing for COVID-19 is secondary prevention.
Promoting Optimal Lifestyle Behaviors
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Primary prevention of chronic conditions focuses on reduction of risk factors and adverse lifestyle behaviors with the goal of preventing incident events (Arnett et al., 2019). Secondary prevention emphasizes interventions designed to reduce the likelihood of events and/or mortality in individuals who have established disease (Smith et al., 2011). Applied to CVD, interventions would target blood pressure, lipids, body weight, blood glucose levels, smoking behaviors and exposures, and patterns of dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors. Individual-level, person-centered approaches to reducing these risk factors and changing adverse patterns of behaviors are detailed elsewhere in this text.
Trauma, PTSD, Substance Use, and Neuroscience
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tom Alexander, Mary C. Hoke, Karlene Barrett, Tricia L. Chandler
Primary prevention provides public education and the involvement of other health and social disciplines in addressing at-risk populations. For example, enabling medical professionals to screen for family substance use and educate families on risk factors is a preemptive step. With the raising of the level of awareness in communities, the vision is to facilitate positive attitudes and behaviors that prevent the onset of drug use. Secondary prevention utilizes early intervention strategies. In terms of ACE, strategies include educating parents, health-care providers, and communities regarding the impact of adversity on children and providing supportive resources to improve parenting and caregiving. Tertiary prevention involves treatment and rehabilitation of family members who are abusing substances, as well as children who are exposed to or have experienced these adversities.
Addressing adolescent substance use with a public health prevention framework: the case for harm reduction
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
James Michael Winer, Amy M. Yule, Scott E. Hadland, Sarah M. Bagley
For adolescents who have begun to use substances, have intermittent use, or who have developed a SUD, secondary and tertiary prevention interventions are necessary. Secondary prevention allows for early identification of high-risk populations resulting in the slowing or stopping of disease progression. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an effective approach to identify adolescents who use substances and is recommended by the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) [16] Tertiary prevention interventions offer treatment and rehabilitation after diagnosis. In cases when an adolescent has problematic substance use or a SUD, there is an opportunity for HCPs to integrate strategies to minimise future harm through harm reduction strategies in addition to advice to stop use or engage in treatment.
How do healthcare professionals experience communication with people with aphasia and what content should communication partner training entail?
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Maren Nelleke van Rijssen, Marloes Veldkamp, Els Bryon, Lianne Remijn, Johanna M. A. Visser-Meily, Ellen Gerrits, Lizet van Ewijk
Communication problems between people with aphasia and HCP have been reported as a serious concern from a medical point of view, since they are a source of error in diagnosis and therapy [37]. This study substantiates that it is probable that shared decision-making can be undermined for people with aphasia [11,13,14,16]. Also, communication problems impede the provision of instructions and the evaluation of therapy according to HCP. The impact of misunderstanding therapy instructions and not participating in evaluations is considerable. Secondary prevention depends on understanding medical recommendations and instructions, and nonadherence to instructions leads to poorer treatment outcomes [38]. Participating in healthcare evaluations is a critical target of health and rehabilitation and improves social relationships and life quality [38].
The impact of low income on long-term mortality of myocardial infarction patients: results from the Brazilian Heart Study
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Joaquim Barreto, Luís Carlos V. Matos, José Carlos Quinaglia, Andrei C. Sposito, Luiz Sergio Carvalho
After hospital discharge, myocardial infarction patients are faced with a suddenly modified reality involving numerous daily medications, strict lifestyle changes and rigorous routine clinical follow-up to avoid recurrence of events. Successful secondary prevention relies on a myriad of variables, including therapy adherence, family support, time, and resources availability for lifestyle changes, all of which are abysmally different across low- and high-income individuals22. In this matter, previous data from Rasmussen et al. demonstrated that low-income individuals were 27% more likely to abandon statins therapy 6 months after myocardial infarction20, which could solely contribute to recurrent events and higher mortality23. Similarly, the achievement of strict lipids and blood pressure targets is more difficult among low-income subjects24, as well as compliance to cardiac rehabilitation programs25. Such follow-up discrepancies may, at least partially, explain the verified higher mortality rate among low-income individuals and should be bared in mind for more effective prevention among socially disadvantaged individuals.