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Echophenomena and Coprophenomena
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
The suffix “-praxia” refers to action. Echopraxia occurs when a person involuntarily mimics and repeats an action. If you want an example, try yawning while someone is looking at you—if they yawn back, you've got your example. Although the contagiousness of yawning is not acquired echopraxia because most people experience it. A better clinical example of echopraxia is contagiousness of other actions like waving your hand or touching your nose. A person may also repeat gestures that they themselves just made, which is called palipraxia (Kurvits et al., 2020).
The End of the Whole Mess
Published in Sue Binkley, Biological Clocks, 2020
The wrist monitors had a button that was an event marker. By pressing the button, the wearer could make a “mark” on his time record. We studied yawning by asking 6 wrist monitor wearers to press the buttons whenever they yawned. Of course, they only pressed the buttons when they were awake, so we don’t know if they yawned when they slept. There was a small peak in yawning in the morning, a middle sized peak in late afternoon, and a big peak late at night. The most yawns recorded in a day was 28.
Rehabilitation and recovery
Published in Alex Jelly, Adel Helmy, Barbara A. Wilson, Life After a Rare Brain Tumour and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome, 2019
I remember hearing other patients in my bay yawning and me not being able to do so naturally. I was aware that it was a sign to our bodies to sleep and tried to do it so that I could sleep but was unable physically to yawn (imagine that). I was also unable to shed tears for the first few weeks at least, if not months. I could open my mouth and look like I was crying but couldn’t actually shed tears. I can’t remember when I was able to cry but I do know I was able to yawn at about two months post-operation. It was a great joy to me! Even now I remember occasionally to consciously enjoy it, that great breath of air, stretching the lungs and chest and then the loud sigh out (if I’m alone or with people who know me well).
Optimal N-acetylcysteine concentration for intratympanic injection to prevent cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Bo-Cheng Chen, Lian-Jie Lin, Yi-Chen Lin, Chia-Fone Lee, Wei-Chung Hsu
Our study had a short duration of only 4 weeks. A long-term follow-up study is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of NAC. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is highly variable, and such variability may depend on the criteria, grading system, and method of assessing ototoxicity. In addition, variability in the NAC treatment (dosage, approach, timing, and concentration) makes comparative analysis difficult. The intratympanic approach might also have difference between humans and guinea pigs. Drug loss from middle ear to nasopharynx through Eustachian tube will limit the time of NAC contact with round window membrane. Patients are usually asked not to swallow, yawn, sneeze or speak to prevent drug loss from the Eustachian tube. However, guinea pigs were under well-positioned and anesthesia status to prevent drug loss from the Eustachian tube. This might influence the results of otoprotection efficacy between humans and guinea pigs.
Zolpidem efficacy and safety in disorders of consciousness
Published in Brain Injury, 2018
Calixto Machado, Mario Estévez, Rafael Rodriguez-Rojas
We have studied series of vegetative VS/UWS patients using zolpidem. We firstly studied a case who after zolpidem intake showed significant behavioural signs of general arousal, such as periodic spontaneous movements of the eyes (openings and closings) and the presence of several yawns. Cardiovascular autonomic regulation showed initially, during the first ten minutes of the post-administration period, a significant parasympathetic predominance, followed by an ulterior ostensible vagolytic effect and significant sympathetic activation, which provoked a reduction of the overall HRV with peaks after zolpidem, clearly coinciding with yawns and increased sympathetic predominance. Electroencephalography (EEG) in our patient was dominated in all leads by very slow waves, with frequency in the subdelta band (0.1460.5 Hz) and the lower delta frequency range (0.5–2 Hz). However, during the maximal tachycardia peaks, an electroencephalographic PSD displacement was observed from the subdelta range to a comparatively faster frequency range of delta waves. These EEG significant changes might be considered as correlates of brain arousal produced at the peak of sympathetic preponderance. So far, no publication to our knowledge had reported yawning related to these paradoxical “awakenings” after zolpidem administration (2).
How Does Our Brain Generate Sexual Pleasure?
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Barry R. Komisaruk, Maria Cruz Rodriguez del Cerro
A special case of this state is orgasm in its multiple forms…genital and non-genital. We have proposed that there is a fundamental process in our nervous system that is an orgasmic process (Komisaruk & Whipple, 2011). That is, a process in which excitation builds to a crescendo and triggers a high threshold, opponent process, leading to a resolution or calming of the original excitation. Genital orgasm is a special case. The more general orgasmic process underlies a sneeze, a yawn, a stretch, urinating, vomiting, and lower intensity, more subtle processes, such as swallowing. Why do they feel good, why are they pleasurable?