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Applying an Executive Function Framework in Educational Therapy
Published in Maxine Ficksman, Jane Utley Adelizzi, The Clinical Practice of Educational Therapy, 2017
George Mccloskey, Sarah Allen, Alex Harne
For some persons, however, it takes much longer to reach a state in which they feel ‘awake’ and ready to function. Sleep deprivation can lead to a prolonged period of sleep inertia after waking. When long periods of sleep inertia are experienced on a daily basis, the less than optimal direction of daily functioning that can result is likely to be viewed as a problem that needs to be addressed. When sleep inertia is problematic, some forms of habituated cueing can be activated to assist with the transition to a full waking state or to reduce the effects of prolonged sleep inertia.
Naps
Published in Clete A. Kushida, Sleep Deprivation, 2004
Amber (Tietzel) Brooks, Leon Lack
Sleep inertia, the experience of “inferior task performance and/or disorientation occurring immediately after awakening from sleep” (10, p. 226), is a well-documented consequence of napping (11). Although sleep inertia is said to dissipate in an exponential manner (11–13), effects may endure for up to 4 hr after awakening (14), although most negative effects appear to dissipate within 35 min (15).
Week 3
Published in Myra Hunter, Melanie Smith, Managing Hot Flushes and Night Sweats, 2020
Because sleep is a different state of awareness, our judgements about it are not always accurate. There is evidence that three factors can influence our take on how much sleep we’ve actually had: Sleep inertia. It is common to still feel ‘dazed’ or ‘half asleep’ for up to 30 minutes after waking, but this is the time in which we are most likely to reflect on our night’s sleep and decide whether or not we have slept well. Because we still feel a little ‘fuzzy’, we may conclude that we’ve slept poorly. We also may assume that the dazed feeling will be with us all day, but actually we will have forgotten about it 30 minutes later once we’ve had a cup of tea or a shower.Sleep onset. Stages one and two of sleep are a bit of a mystery. It is difficult to measure when exactly we fall asleep, and research has shown that we are most likely to report being awake when a machine that measures sleep shows we were in fact slumbering (Bonnet 1990).Worry. Research has also found that because our minds often race when we worry, 30 minutes of trying to sleep can feel much longer (Borkovec 1982).Therefore: We tend to underestimate how much sleep we get.We tend to overestimate the time it takes us to go to sleep.If we learn about this tendency to misjudge, we worry less and sleep better.It may be helpful to remind yourself about this if you feel worried about any sleep disruption. Some people say they don’t sleep and actually they do. Where I used to live, the man next door used to have a grandfather clock and it used to chime… . I’d think, ‘if I hear it at midnight and then I don’t hear it again till five o’clock in the morning, then I know that I slept for five hours’. Sometimes you don’t realize that you have slept. And you perceive that you’ve had this terrible night when actually it hasn’t been that bad.
Are Short Duration Naps Better than Long Duration Naps for Mitigating Sleep Inertia? Brief Report of a Randomized Crossover Trial of Simulated Night Shift Work
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2023
P. Daniel Patterson, Tiffany S. Okerman, David G. L. Roach, Cassie J. Hilditch, Matthew D. Weaver, Charity G. Patterson, Mark A. Sheffield, Jillian S. Di Salvatore, Haley Bernstein, George Georges, April Andreozzi, Cameron M. Willson, Disha Jain, Sarah E. Martin, Leonard S. Weiss
Many night shift workers use brief naps to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness during shift work (1). Napping refers to “sleep periods at least 50% shorter than an individual’s average nocturnal sleep length” (2, 3). Recent evidence-based recommendations for emergency medical services (EMS) shift workers endorse napping during night shifts and long duration shifts to mitigate fatigue and threats to performance (4). Unfortunately, the recommendation does not include guidance on selecting the optimal timing and duration of a nap (1). In a recent systematic review, we examined the best available evidence comparing one nap duration versus another (5). Our review discovered that few experimental studies have made direct comparisons of different duration naps on performance (5). Given this research gap, employers may have concerns about napping on duty and how employees may respond to nap-related sleep inertia (6). Sleep inertia refers to “grogginess” experienced immediately post-nap and can negatively affect cognitive performance after waking for minutes, for an hour, or longer (7–9). Additional evidence may be needed for many EMS and fire employers to consider adopting formal policies that allow for napping on duty (6). We addressed this need by experimentally testing the effect of different duration naps on post-nap cognitive performance and alertness in active shift workers (10). In addition, we explored the association between minutes of sleep achieved during a nap opportunity and performance upon waking. Our findings may provide EMS and fire employers the evidence needed to make informed decisions.
Morning affect or sleep inertia? Comparing the constructs and their measurement
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Many factors influence the occurrence and intensity of sleep inertia (for reviews, see Hilditch and McHill 2019; Tassi and Muzet 2000; Trotti 2017). For example, sleep inertia (SI) is more severe when woken during the biological night, when closer to the nadir of the circadian core body temperature rhythm (Scheer et al. 2008), and also when chronically sleep deprived (McHill et al. 2019). However, SI also occurs in healthy individuals who have not experienced sleep restriction (Hilditch and McHill 2019; Jewett et al. 1999), and even extreme/severe SI (confusional arousals) are relatively common (Ohayon et al. 2000). There are stable individual differences in vulnerability to SI (Lundholm et al. 2021), but SI/extreme SI become less likely with increasing age (Ma et al. 2022; Ohayon et al. 2000), mirroring the increase in morningness, and Morning Affect, with increasing age (e.g., Carciofo et al. 2012; Vagos et al. 2019).
Effects of two nights partial sleep deprivation on an evening submaximal weightlifting performance; are 1 h powernaps useful on the day of competition?
Published in Chronobiology International, 2019
Ellis J. Brotherton, Sarah E. Moseley, Carl Langan-Evans, Samuel A. Pullinger, Colin M. Robertson, Jatin G. Burniston, Ben J. Edwards
Participants were allowed 1-h to nap during the SDN. Upon waking from the nap at 14:00 h, they had 3 h until the weightlifting protocol began at 17:00 h, to allow for the effects of any sleep inertia to dissipate (which usually takes approximately 1-h). However, many factors are involved in the characteristics of sleep inertia and the severity and decay time course is related to (i) the duration of prior sleep and accumulated sleep-debt (Jewett et al. 1999; Stampi et al. 1990), but also (ii) the sleep stage prior to awakening—such that an abrupt awakening during a slow wave sleep (SWS) episode produces greater sleep inertia than awakening in stage 1 or 2; with REM sleep being intermediate (Tassi and Gilles 2000). That said, there is a small possibility that participants were still experiencing sleep inertia especially during the bench press, but not before the completion of the leg press repetitions (4 and 5 h after the nap, respectively). Lastly, the quality of the sleep during the nap in the current study was only verbally reported by the participants, hence the sleep or sleep stage was not measured or quantified. This was a limitation to the study and this measurement would be beneficial to include in future work, as the length of time allotted to the nap may not have been optimal.