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Risk and Causality by Genetics, Gender, and Age
Published in Susmita Chowdhuri, M Safwan Badr, James A Rowley, Control of Breathing during Sleep, 2022
Moshe Y Prero, Nardine Zakhary, Sally Ibrahim, Kingman P Strohl
Sleep-wake pathway. With aging, the total amount of sleep decreases linearly with age with a loss of ∼10 minutes per decade (82). The percentage of N3 sleep decreases linearly at 2% per decade. The percentage of REM sleep also slightly diminishes and will plateau after age 60. Sleep efficiency continues to decline due to increasing sleep latency, arousals from sleep, and time awake after sleep onset.
Preconceptual Health
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Nancy L. Eriksen, Kristi R. VanWinden, John McHugh
Sleep is often not assessed in preconception visits. One tool used by sleep researchers to estimate sleep quality is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).42 In this instrument, the patient can complete a simple questionnaire which can be scored to measure both sleep quality and quantity in seven components. Three factors in a sleep history can be assessed and discussed at the preconception visit. Sleep duration, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency (the percentage of time from lying down until awakening spent asleep) with 85–90% are defined as normal.
Pediatrics
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
The relationship between physical activity levels and sleep has been inconsistent. It is not clear that physical activity improves or worsens sleep in children and adolescents. However, sleep efficiency has been improved by moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Interaction between slow wave sleep and elevated office blood pressure in non-hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea patients: a cross-sectional study
Published in Blood Pressure, 2023
Ning Xia, Hao Wang, Lin Zhang, Xiao-Jun Fan, Xiu-Hong Nie
All subjects completed a full-night PSG monitoring in the sleep medical center of XuanWu Hospital. Under the monitoring, sleep data were automatically recorded on the computer. After the recording was completed, sleep parameters were scored following the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria [25]. Apnea was defined as a reduction of airflow to less than 10% of the baseline for at least 10 s, while hypopnea was defined as a ≥ 50% reduction of airflow for at least 10 s, accompanied by 3% or greater decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). The total number of apnoas and hypopneas per hour was AHI during sleep. Sleep efficiency was defined as the ratio of sleep duration to total time in bed. SWS sleep was defined as the percentage of total sleep time and categorized into quartiles. The highest SWS percentage group was chosen as the referent in OSA and primary snoring group.
Network structure of insomnia symptoms in shift workers compared to non-shift workers
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Eun Jung Cha, Young Rong Bang, Hong Jun Jeon, In-Young Yoon
Daytime dysfunction was also significantly more negatively linked to habitual sleep efficiency in shift workers. In addition, shift workers showed greater positive relationship between sleep latency and subjective sleep quality. Taken together, these results suggest that daytime dysfunction and subjective sleep quality in shift workers are more heavily influenced by sleep efficiency and sleep latency, compared to those in non-shift workers. This implies that shift workers are more vulnerable, and thus react more sensitively to sleep-related indices such as sleep efficiency and sleep latency. Furthermore, daytime dysfunction could also be affected by other factors, such as decreased access to supporting system due to shift work and stressful working environment. To this regard, future studies may investigate mechanisms of how some factors affect daytime dysfunction in shift workers.
Sleep restriction during opioid abstinence affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in male and female rats
Published in Stress, 2023
Hershel Raff, Breanna L. Glaeser, Aniko Szabo, Christopher M. Olsen, Carol A. Everson
Stressful events are correlated with craving for most drugs of abuse (Piazza & Le Moal, 1996), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress is a critical factor influencing individual vulnerability to drug abuse (Aouizerate et al., 2006; Kreek, 2000; Piazza & Le Moal, 1996; Wemm & Sinha, 2019; Zhou et al., 2013; Zhou & Leri, 2016). During prolonged abstinence from opioids, HPA axis dynamics are altered in ways that are specific among drugs of abuse and relapse vulnerability (Aouizerate et al., 2006; Bunce et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2013). Concurrently, sleep is markedly deficient—sleep latency is increased, sleep is fragmented by wakefulness, and sleep efficiency is poor (Burke et al., 2008; Howe et al., 1980; Mehtry et al., 2014; Tripathi et al., 2020). Sleep amounts remain decreased in patients who relapse four months after residential treatment, whereas sleep amounts increase to normal values in patients who abstain from opioid use during the same time period (Mukherjee et al., 2021). While opioid maintenance therapy (e.g. with methadone) may normalize basal cortisol and its diurnal rhythmicity during abstinence (Aouizerate et al., 2006; Kreek, 2000), it fails to normalize disrupted sleep (Beswick et al., 2003; Dunn et al., 2018; Kay, 1975; Mehtry et al., 2014) and dysregulated glucocorticoid negative feedback (Aouizerate et al., 2006; Kreek, 2000).