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Meeting personal needs: elimination
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Some people must stay in bed for medical reasons, so they require bedpans or urinals. There are standard bedpans, which the person sits up on, and flat ‘slipper’ pans, which the person rolls on to – suitable when someone has to remain flat. There are both male and female urinals. Men sometimes find it difficult to urinate in seated or lying positions, so they may need assistance to stand, if their medical condition allows. Female urinals are useful for women lying flat (e.g. following back surgery) or where changing position is difficult, perhaps due to pain.
Radiation Protection of Staff and the Public
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
Mike Rosenbloom, W. P. M. Mayles
Bed linen and clothing should be changed frequently and put into plastic bags. Each item should be monitored and if contaminated, washed in the designated washing machine, dried and re-monitored. Items still contaminated can be placed in labelled plastic bags and stored in a designated locked room until the remaining activity can be neglected. Contaminated waste should be macerated for disposal as liquid waste or bagged for future disposal as solid radioactive waste.
Wound healing and ulcers
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Pressure ulcer occurs on pressure points in patients who are unconscious, unable to move or bed-bound due to some reason. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) has classified pressure ulcer into four stages.Intact skin with signs of impending ulceration; this presents as non-blanchable erythemaPartial-thickness skin loss; this presents as a shallow ulcer with a pink wound bedFull-thickness skin loss with extension into the subcutaneous tissueFull-thickness tissue loss with extension into muscle, bone, tendon, or joint capsule
Pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease: a focus on management and preventing the risk of complications
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Gurleen Wander, Johanna A. van der Zande, Roshni R Patel, Mark R Johnson, Jolien Roos-Hesselink
Management. Although pregnancy is generally not advised, when it does occur, intensive monitoring is required with serial echocardiograms and frequent MDT review. Bed rest may be advised in severe symptomatic cases. VTE prophylaxis should be prescribed, and HF treated with medications including diuretics. Oral sildenafil is safe in pregnancy. Eisenmenger’s syndrome presents more challenges during pregnancy due to cyanosis and the potential for paradoxical embolism. Women with oxygen saturation of less than 85% have poor fetal outcomes. The cyanosis increases during pregnancy due to decrease in SVR and consequent increased right to left shunt [4,62]. Maternal mortality is estimated to be around 20–50% in these women and termination should be discussed early in the pregnancy. A termination of pregnancy is high risk and should be carried out in specialized centers with dedicated cardiologists, obstetricians, and obstetric anesthetists. Care should be taken in the post-partum period when most complications occur [15].
Systematic review of the effectiveness of caregiver training with functional mobility tasks for informal caregivers assisting patients with neurological diagnoses
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Rodney L. Weir, Margaret K. Danilovich, Donald L. Hoover
Across all included studies, descriptions of the training related to functional mobility were generally vague and poorly defined. Lacking additional detailed information regarding such training, the specific impact of functional mobility training on informal caregiver psychological burden is difficult to fully determine. The present systematic review of the existing literature suggests the training related to functional mobility was also part of larger training programs with many topics, making it difficult to isolate issues of physical mobility from other areas associated with informal caregiver burden. The Kalra et al. [25] study also had “instruction by appropriate professionals on common stroke-related problems.” These included bed sores, continence, and nutrition. Similarly, the training related to functional mobility in the other included studies [22–24,26–28] was included with information on other topics. With the implementation of such comprehensive educational programs, an impact on informal caregiver burden could be evaluated, but determining the impact of various parts of the training programs could not be reasonably completed.
An episode of transmission of COVID-19 from a vaccinated healthcare worker to co-workers
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
N. D. B. Ehelepola, B. A. S. Wijewardana
This category of HCWs of our hospital has a tradition. During nightshifts, while some colleagues of the IC stay at the duty station, some take sleeping breaks for a few hours in turn. They are used to sleeping without masks in a 5.5 × 2.7 × 2.4 m room (resting room), with the door and windows closed (no air change). They bring bed linen from homes and take them back. IC has slept in this room whilst symptomatic. She had cleared her throat frequently, talked with others occasionally but did not cough, sneeze and denies touching anything inside the resting room except her belongings and the door handle. Five other colleagues of the IC had done night shifts with the IC while IC had symptoms and slept in this room. P1–4 were among those five. IC did not use this room 2 d before she got symptoms.