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Human Rhythms
Published in Sue Binkley, Biological Clocks, 2020
As pointed out previously, in practice we make use of alarm clocks which we set ourselves, and differ from other species in that respect. By using watches and clocks, we closely time events in our lives. Presumably, the ability to synchronize with other individuals by use of precise timing devices as been advantageous in our evolution.
Session 10
Published in Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza, Kim S. Slosman, Managing Negative Emotions Without Drinking, 2018
Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza, Kim S. Slosman
Up to this point, many of the skills that you have learned require you to change some aspect of your internal environment (e.g., thoughts, emotions, behaviors) as a way to reduce your risk for drinking. An additional skill involves modifying or changing your external environment to reduce your risk for drinking. Similar to the way in which your behavior can be guided by your thoughts or emotions (i.e., internal cues), so too can your behavior be guided by cues in your environment, or “external” cues. A few obvious examples of external cues that guide behavior would be an alarm clock, a traffic light, or a fire alarm. These cues can signal you when to wake up in the morning, when to cross a busy street, or when to exit a building. We call this stimulus control. That’s another way of saying that your behavior—say, the behavior of waking up in the morning—is under the control of the alarm clock. If your alarm clock wakes you up and you get to work on time, then your behavior of setting the alarm is reinforced.
Session 10
Published in Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza, Kim S. Slosman, Emotion Regulation Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders, 2018
Paul R. Stasiewicz, Clara M. Bradizza, Kim S. Slosman
At this point, many of the skills that we have discussed have required that you modify your thoughts or behavior as a way to change your problem alcohol use. Today, I would like to talk with you about a way of changing your environment to reduce the risk of drinking. For example, much of our daily behavior is guided by cues in our environment, or “external” cues. A few obvious examples of external cues that guide our behavior would be an alarm clock, a traffic light, or a fire alarm. These cues can signal you to wake up in the morning, cross a busy street, or exit a building. We call this “stimulus control.” That’s another way of saying that your behavior—say, the behavior of waking up in the morning—is under the control of the alarm clock. If your alarm clock wakes you up and you get to work on time, then your behavior of setting the alarm is reinforced.
Sleep and substance use: Practice considerations for social workers
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2023
Christine E. Spadola, Eric Wagner, Danica C. Slavish, Micki Washburn, Rowan P. Ogeil, Shanna L. Burke, Adrienne Grudzien, Eric S. Zhou
Earlier we described emerging research highlighting the negative impact of irregular sleep and wake patterns on SUDs (Schick et al., 2022; Slavish et al., 2022). From a holistic perspective, sleep irregularity also presents physical risk factors including a 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of sleep duration (Huang et al., 2020). Important educational opportunities surround this such as the importance of maintaining a consistent sleep schedule. This can be feasible by asking the client to set an alarm clock for the same time every morning (one will naturally start to fall asleep on a regular schedule with a consistent wake-up time). Additionally, morning light helps to set the sleep and wake cycle (i.e., circadian rhythm), so advocating for natural light in the morning to promote circadian rhythmicity can be an important educational point for clients engaged with SUD treatment (Nagare et al., 2021).
Environmental Scan of Sleep Health in Early Childhood Programs
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2020
Karen Bonuck, Akilah Collins-Anderson, Joshua Ashkinaze, Alison Karasz, Amanda Schwartz
The foundations of life-long health are built in early childhood. Healthy sleep sets the stage for optimal social, cognitive, and physical development. Chronic lack of sufficient, quality sleep may result in impaired brain development, neuronal damage, and loss of developmental potential (Jan et al., 2010). Early childhood is a critical window, when routines are established and interventions more practicable (Koulouglioti et al., 2014). Parents can more easily regulate the sleep routines (e.g., bedtime, waketime), of younger children, compared to school – or teen-aged children. Circadian rhythms are synchronized by exposure to light as well as by daily routines, such as dinnertime or hearing an alarm clock. In this way, routines, which are easier for parents of younger children to implement may help synchronize sleep and wake cycles with circadian rhythms (Bathory & Tomopoulos, 2017). Healthy sleep practices – an early and consistent bedtime routine, screen time limits, and falling asleep alone – improve sleep length and quality (Yu, Sadeh, Lam, Mindell, & Li, 2017).
Relationships between chronotype, social jetlag, sleep, obesity and blood pressure in healthy young adults
Published in Chronobiology International, 2019
Daria M. McMahon, James B. Burch, Shawn D. Youngstedt, Michael D. Wirth, James W. Hardin, Thomas G. Hurley, Steven N. Blair, Gregory A. Hand, Robin P. Shook, Clemens Drenowatz, Stephanie Burgess, James R. Hebert
This study had a few noteworthy limitations. Participants’ work schedules and alarm clock use were not available; thus, it was assumed that they worked only on weekdays and were free on weekends. This assumption also was used in a recent, nationally representative, cross-sectional study of chronotype in US population (Fischer et al. 2017), but it may have led to non-differential misclassification of chronotype and SJL and likely biased measures of association toward the null. Approximately 45% of the participants in the current study were graduate students who typically attend classes and work part-time during the day. Regular night work in this population is less likely since it could potentially interfere with coursework. Approximately 5–7% of the study sample may have used an alarm clock on a weekend (McMahon et al. 2018). To diminish the possible influence of shift or weekend work on the study results, participants with extreme or implausible sleep schedules (TST values <4 h either on week days, free days, or on average, or mid-sleep time in the afternoon) were excluded (Levandovski et al. 2011; McMahon et al. 2018; Merikanto et al. 2012; Roenneberg et al. 2012).