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Sleep–Wake Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Margaret Kay-Stacey, Eunice Torres-Rivera, Phyllis C. Zee
Sleep log and/or diary for at least 7 days is recommended prior to and during the course of active treatment. PSG and MSLT testing are not routinely indicated in the evaluation of chronic insomnia. PSG may be useful when there is a question of interrupted sleep due to sleep-disordered breathing, a movement disorder, parasomnia, nocturnal epilepsy, or in cases of treatment failure. Actigraphy, a device that is typically worn on the wrist to estimate sleep and wake activity by recording movements can be used in patients with unreliable sleep log or when a circadian disorder is suspected.21 Personal wearable monitoring devices are also increasingly available, however, the data to support their use in sleep assessments are limited at this time.
Assessment of Chronic Pain Patients
Published in Andrea Kohn Maikovich-Fong, Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain, 2019
The gold standard for measuring sleep is the polysomnography, but this is not always feasible or realistic (McGrath et al., 2008). Other measures mentioned by the Ped-IMMPACT group are actigraphy and sleep diaries completed by the parent, the child, or both. Actigraphy is a small, watch-like device that measures movement via a sensor. The Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ; Owens et al., 2000), which surveys school-age children regarding their sleep, also could be useful (McGrath et al., 2008).
Sleep research recording methods
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
According to the most recent authoritative reviews (Sadeh, 2011) and professional consensus statements (Ancoli-Israel et al., 2015; Morgenthaler et al., 2007), actigraphy shows reasonable levels of validity and reliability when used with healthy individuals with relatively normal sleep patterns. Validity among those with poor sleep or sleep disorders is less certain. Overall, the empirical literature supports the notion that actigraphy is sensitive for detecting sleep and is useful for identifying unique sleep patterns (i.e. specifically those characteristic of circadian rhythm disorders). The most significant problem with actigraphy, though, is the technology’s inability to accurately identify awakenings within sleep periods. This limitation is particularly relevant when studying disorders, especially with insomnia, which is characterized by participants lying awake without moving for prolonged periods, so care should be taken to use appropriate devices and algorithms (Marino et al., 2013). Though its validity is not always exacting, actigraphy is reliable in adults, which makes it well suited for accurately quantifying changes within individuals over time, such as in developmental studies or in response to behavioral and other treatment effects (Aili, Åström-Paulsson, Stoetzer, Svartengren, & Hillert, 2016).
A Micro-Longitudinal Study of Naps, Sleep Disturbance, and Headache Severity in Women with Chronic Migraine
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Jason C. Ong, Spencer C. Dawson, Hannah L. Taylor, Margaret Park, Helen J. Burgess, Megan R. Crawford, Jeanetta C. Rains, Todd A. Smitherman, Colin A. Espie, Alex L. Jones, James K. Wyatt
Wrist actigraphy (Actiwatch Spectrum, Phillips Respironics, Bend, OR) was used to measure objective sleep/wake patterns concurrent with the sleep diaries throughout the study period. Actigraphy is commonly used to assess longitudinal sleep/wake patterns and has been well-validated as an objective measure of sleep (Buysse et al., 2006). Participants were instructed to wear the actigraph on the non-dominant hand during the day and night, using the event marker on the device to indicate bed time and rise time. Rest intervals were manually set according to a pre-established protocol used in previous studies (see supplement 2 for details; Ong et al., 2014; Ong, Taylor et al., 2018). Data were analyzed in 60 second epochs using medium sensitivity for determining wakefulness with Respironics Actiware version 6.0.
Comparing GENEActiv against Actiwatch-2 over Seven Nights Using a Common Sleep Scoring Algorithm and Device-Specific Wake Thresholds
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2022
Claire A. Jenkins, Lucy C. F. Tiley, Isabella Lay, Jessica A. Hartmann, Julia K. M. Chan, Christian L. Nicholas
Most inter-device reliability studies have been restricted to one or two nights of data collection per participant (Benson et al., 2004; Cellini et al., 2016; Meltzer et al., 2012; Roane et al., 2015; Rupp & Balkin, 2011; Weiss et al., 2010). The predominance of single, or two-night, studies is problematic because actigraphy reliability is known to be a function of wear-time, such that inherent measurement error decreases with longer monitoring periods (Sadeh, 2011). Single-night studies might therefore provide inaccurate, underestimations of inter-device reliability. Research recommends a seven-day monitoring period for actigraphy (Briscoe et al., 2014; Van Someren, 2007). However, very few studies have assessed inter-device reliability over seven days (Lee & Suen, 2017; Plekhanova et al., 2020). Assessing inter-device reliability over this recommended time frame will provide more accurate reliability estimates that are readily applicable to actigraphy’s typical use of extended sleep monitoring.
Problematic internet use and subjective sleep quality among college students in China: Results from a pilot study
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Qian Wang, Yujie Liu, Baohong Wang, Yang An, Haolin Wang, Yaya Zhang, Komi Mati
Sleep quality can be measured through both subjective and objective means. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) consists of 19 self-reported items to assess sleep quality in 7 dimensions, and has been the gold standard measure of subjective sleep quality (SSQ) since its introduction.19 Polysomnography (PSG) is regarded as the gold standard objective measure for sleep quality. It is typically conducted in a sleep laboratory under the supervision of a technician and involves labor-intensive measurements such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG), thus, making it time-consuming and invasive for practical use in large samples. Actigraphy involves using wrist-worn devices to monitor and analyze movement patterns.20 Although it is a less invasive alternative to measure sleep quality objectively, it does not provide information on SSQ and is not well-utilized due to financial implications. A few studies comparing subjective versus objective ratings of sleep quality found low correlations between them, and that subjective ratings were influenced more by psychosocial characteristics and affective states such as depression, which may not capture the full spectrum of sleep quality.21–25 However, for nonclinical populations such as college students, SSQ is a critical aspect of their whole sleep experience.