China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Basic Stochastic Transmission Models and Their Inference
Published in Leonhard Held, Niel Hens, Philip O’Neill, Jacco Wallinga, Handbook of Infectious Disease Data Analysis, 2019
When it comes to the social structure of a community it depends on what type of disease is considered. For example, when considering influenza or related diseases it is common to consider household epidemic models because spreading is usually higher within households than between other individuals. Sometimes also schools or day-care centers are included in the model. If interest is instead on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), then the relevant social structure is the sexual network in the community. Then so-called network epidemic models [5] often are used, where the network obeys certain known characteristics of the empirical network but otherwise treated as random, and where an epidemic model is defined on the network.
Sexually transmitted infections in adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Sexual activity at a young age and history of a prior STI are two of the largest risk factors for STI.5,6 Multiple partners, concurrent partners, and unprotected sexual activity further increase the risk. Although condom use and careful sexual decision-making are important elements of risk reduction, it is important for providers to keep in mind that a patient's community and sexual network may play a greater role in determining her risk for STI than her individual behaviors. Complex racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors that contribute to many health disparities also impact STI prevalence, with non-Hispanic blacks demonstrating increased rates of several STIs.7
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae With High-Level Resistance to Azithromycin
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
Monica Desai, Helen Fifer, Gwenda Hughes
The investigation focused on transmission characteristics, sexual network mapping, and microbiological characteristics, including resistance testing. In Case 16, we outline the basic tenets of an outbreak investigation for sexually transmitted infections (STI), with a focus on gonorrhoea. Managing an outbreak of gonorrhoea needs to consider not just case finding, but also the susceptibility profile to ensure that there is no onward transmission of a potentially resistant organism. It is vital to work collaboratively for the successful management of any outbreak, as illustrated in this example of gonorrhoea.
Correlates of condomless anal intercourse with different types of sexual partners among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Victoria F. Bachman, Michalina A. Montaño, Angela Ulrich, Manuel Villaran, Robinson Cabello, Pedro Gonzalez, Hugo Sanchez, Javier R. Lama, Ann Duerr
The primary strength of this study is its large sample size and repeated observations that collected detailed data on being in different types of partnership and CAI with each type of partner. This enabled us to stratify our analysis by type of partner and obtain a more granular view of CAI within each type of partnership, in contrast to previous studies. By separating the existence of a partnership from CAI within that partnership, this analysis was able to pinpoint factors associated with forming partnerships and with CAI within partnerships. Future studies should control for partnership status to ensure that analytical results accurately capture the effects of predictors on CAI risk alone. Additionally, this analysis shows that predictors of sexual behavior vary by type of partner, reinforcing the need for a more nuanced view of this aspect of sexual behavior in future analyses and interventions. Future prospective analyses are needed to better elucidate sexual network structures and dose-response relationships between substance use and sexual behavior, with care paid to controlling for or limiting analysis to only individuals in partnerships of interest.
Diverse contexts and social factors among young cisgender men and transgender women who sell or trade sex in Bangkok and Pattaya, Thailand: formative research for a PrEP program implementation study
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Jasmine M. Truong, Tareerat Chemnasiri, Andrea L. Wirtz, Sandra Hsu Hnin Mon, Anchalee Varangrat, Michele Decker, Surang Janyam, Danai Linjongrat, Pachara Sirivongrangson, Andrew C. Hickey, Brian W. Weir, Chris Beyrer
MSM and TGW who engage in sex work are less frequently considered separately in HIV research but are critical groups for HIV prevention research engagement given heightened acquisition risk (Poteat et al., 2015). Previous research has described the risk environment associated with sex work, including intersectional stigma and discrimination in HIV prevention services, criminalization, and individual barriers to condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and HIV testing and counseling (Chemnasiri et al., 2019; Guadamuz et al., 2011). Increased frequency of unprotected anal sex within a non-dense sexual network and unequal power dynamics with clients and sex venue management also challenge HIV prevention (Beyrer et al., 2012; Poteat et al., 2015). In Thailand, sex work settings range from large well-known venues including agogo bars, massage parlors, and saunas; street-based sex work; longer-term sexual partnerships to trade for rent, school, or other financial obligations (so-called “sugar daddy” relationships); and more recently mobile dating applications and online platforms. These settings constitute unique risk environments as it relates to HIV acquisition but also present critical considerations for HIV prevention.
Locating the Risk: Using Participatory Mapping to Contextualize Perceived HIV Risk across Geography and Social Networks among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Deep South
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Trisha Arnold, Thomas J. Stopka, Courtney E. S. Gomillia, Matthew Murphy, Kendra Johnson, Philip A. Chan, Lynne Klasko-Foster, Brooke Rogers, Jorge H. Soler, Mauda L. Monger, Erin Jacque, Cassandra Sutten Coats, Tiara C. Willie, Adedotun Ogunbajo, Leandro Mena, Amy Nunn
The modified social ecological model (MSEM) defines the multi-level domains of HIV infection risk among key populations, including: 1) stage of the HIV epidemic, 2) policy, 3) community, 4) social and sexual network, and 5) individual (Baral et al., 2013). Our study sought to explore the model through conducting focus groups and participatory mapping with AA YMSM engaged in PrEP care at an LGBTQ+ clinic in Jackson, MS to 1) gain a deeper understanding of activity spaces (i.e., local areas within which individuals habitually move about in the course of their daily activities) (Sherman et al., 2005) and 2) explore geospatial distribution of sexual activities among AA YMSM in Jackson using novel methodology inclusive of thorough qualitative data collection and social mapping discussions. Understanding the multi-level domains of HIV infection risk among AA YMSM in Jackson through geo-mapping will help inform intervention development and implementation strategy selection to best serve the community and advertise/adjust prevention efforts and clinical services.