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Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Pedro Argoti, Ana M. Angarita, Giancarlo Mari
Once a critical titer has been reached, the likelihood of the fetus with a positive phenotype status (CoAg +) for the cognate antigen of the maternal antibody (at risk of HDFN) should be determined when possible. If the fetus is determined to be likely negative for the cognate antigen, then no further surveillance is necessary as the pregnancy is considered to be at no risk of fetal anemia. Confirmation of paternity is important. Document the discussion of paternity in the medical record. There is always a concern for nonpaternity rates in men with high paternity confidence (estimated to be about 1.9–3%) [81]. Once paternity is confirmed, the paternal antigen status should be investigated. If the father's antigen status is negative, the fetus is assumed to be negative too and the pregnancy is at no risk of fetal anemia.
Newborn Encounters
Published in Michael van Manen, The Birth of Ethics, 2020
Emmanuel Levinas writes of the fecundity of the father-child relation: I do not have my child; I am my child. Paternity is a relation with a stranger who while being Other … is me, a relation of the I with a self which yet is not me.(Levinas 1969/1961, p. 277)It is as if paternity introduces a sense of otherness already within the parent. This otherness is not just strangeness but rather an evoking appeal belonging to the enigma of the child’s being, an otherness that cannot be reduced to ‘me,’ the self of the parent. In the words of Levinas (1969/1961), the self of the “I is not swept away, since the son is not me; and yet I am my son” (p. 277). And as the child is not ‘me,’ yet is of the parent, the child is also the future, the infinite, the transcendent: “the fecundity of the I is its very transcendence” (p. 277). While we may stumble on such a philosophical formulation, we ought to pause to reflect on the fullness of meaning pointed at by Levinas. The relation of parent to child is not simply unique but necessarily unique, expressing a responsibility for a child of me yet other to me.
2 Legal Parentage and Parental Responsibility
Published in Judith Hendrick, Child Care Law for Health Professionals, 2018
The birth of every child must be registered within 42 days. Birth registration is the most usual method of establishing legal parentage and the entry of a man’s name as a child’s father can be crucial evidence of paternity. If the parents are married either the husband or wife can register the husband’s name as the father. But the rights of an unmarried father to register his name are more limited and only apply if certain conditions are met.
Evaluation of diallelic STR markers with inter-population allelic database for their usefulness in paternity trios in the Central Indian population
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Hirak Ranjan Dash, Kamayani Vajpayee, Radhika Agarwal, Anubha Gang, Ritesh Shukla, Ankit Srivastava
The advent of DNA technology has revolutionised the criminal justice system with its high degree of fidelity and discriminatory power between two individuals, except for the homozygous twins. In many civil and criminal cases, DNA tests are most commonly carried out to fix the parentage of a child by determining the probability of paternity (POP) of a putative father (Apostolov 2012). Besides parentage determination, DNA tests are also conducted in missing person identification, child trafficking, or identification of deceased through reverse parentage (Sharma 2007). In such tests, the short tandem repeat (STR) based DNA analysis relies on comparing the DNA profiles of the mother, child, and the putative father to answer whether a child’s genotype can be deduced from the genotypes of the father/respondent (Tracey 2001). This relies on the fundamental principle of genetics that a child receives one allele matching from each parent in the absence of any mutational events.
Economic and social dimensions influencing safety of induced abortions amongst young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2021
Samantha Chareka, Tamaryn L. Crankshaw, Pemberai Zambezi
Our findings around financial hardship and inability to identify who fathered the child, as amongst the key factors underlying decision-making to undergo an abortion, have been found in other country contexts in the region.22 In the Zimbabwean context, where lineage is strongly patriarchal, a child takes the father’s family name and is viewed as belonging to the father’s family.19 While not negating the economic dimension of acknowledged paternity, our findings also suggest that not being able to identify the father of a child, for the child’s sake, was also an important consideration in the abortion decision-making process. Socioeconomic concerns related to decision-making around an abortion are one of the most commonly cited reasons in other country contexts.1 Interestingly, in three countries in SSA, women were more likely to cite factors associated with youth (e.g. still in school, not yet prepared to have a child, and fear of parent’s reactions to the pregnancy) as reasons for wanting to obtain an abortion.1 We have previously highlighted that YWSS will go to some length to distance themselves from a sex worker identity and keep their involvement in selling sex secret from family members,23 pointing to the need to consider different strategies targeting younger versus older women who sell sex, in relation to safe abortion care. Even where safe abortion services are available, they may have limited reach amongst younger women who sell sex who are not part of safe abortion referral networks.
A Novel Pathogenic β-Thalassemia Mutation Identified at Codon 8 (HBB: c.27delG) in a Bangladeshi Family Acquired De Novo
Published in Hemoglobin, 2019
Kazi N. Hasan, Abu Sufian, Ashish K. Mazumder, M. Abdul Khaleque, Mizanur Rahman, Sharif Akhteruzzaman
Direct DNA sequencing of the entire coding region (exons 1, 2 and 3), parts of introns 1 and 2, promoter region and splice junction site of the β-globin gene identified a novel mutation in the proband where, at codon 8 of exon 1, the 27th nucleotide G was found to be deleted (HBB: c.27delG) (Figure 1). This mutation was found to cause a shift in the normal reading frame of the β-globin coding sequences. This frameshift mutation was found to be pathogenic as a stop codon was found to be generated at position 18 which has the consequence of a premature chain termination of β-globin translation (Figure 2). Another mutation at codon 26 (or Hb E) was identified in another allele of the child and one allele of the mother. However, no mutation was detected in either alleles of the father. Mutation analysis of the family demonstrated that the novel mutation inherited by the proband was not germline (haplotype), rather assumed to be de novo. The DNA STR-based relationship test confirmed the parent to be the biological parent of the proband, demonstrating the nature of the mutation in the affected child as de novo. The probability of paternity score was also 99.99999% (data not shown).