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Surgery of the Foot
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Yaser Ghani, Simon Clint, Nicholas Cullen
The decision-making process for correction of lesser toe deformities must take into account the type of deformity and whether it is fixed or flexible. A detailed examination of the deformity must be made in the awake patient prior to surgery. The position of the toe in the standing and lying position must be noted and any deformity assessed for a fixed component. Any subluxation or dislocation of the MTPJ must be identified. There is some confusion in the literature regarding toe deformity nomenclature. For the purposes of this book we have used the following terms: Mallet toe: A flexion deformity of the distal IPJ (DIPJ), often resulting in a callosity on the tip of the toe.Hammer toe: A flexion deformity of the proximal IPJ (PIPJ), often associated with hyperextension of the DIPJ and an accommodative hyperextension of the MTPJ.Claw toe: A term usually reserved for multiple toes and often associated with an underlying neurological condition. The primary deformity is one of hyperextension of the MTPJ with secondary flexion of the PIPJ.
The ankle and foot
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
The commonest deformities of the lesser toes are ‘claw’, ‘hammer’ and ‘mallet’ (Figure 21.28). These terms are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion. Claw toe is characterized by hyperextension at the MTP joint and flexion at both IP joints.Hammer toe is an acute flexion deformity of the proximal IP joint only; in severe examples there may be some extension at the MTP joint. The distal IP joint is either straight or hyperextended.Mallet toe is a flexion deformity of the distal IP joint.
Foot and ankle disorders
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Tim Jennings, An Orthopaedics Guide for Today's GP, 2017
Mallet toe is due to a flexion deformity of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. It usually involves the longest lesser toe. It could be due to a congenital or developmental anomaly. The most common cause of an adult onset mallet toe is the lack of sufficient space for the longest toe in the shoe (Figure 8.21).
Management of acute lesser toe pain
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Jessyca Ray, Nicholas A. Andrews, Aseel Dib, Whitt M. Harrelson, Ankit Khurana, Maninder Shah Singh, Ashish Shah
Lesser toe deformities are common forefoot abnormalities. Hammer toe, claw toe, and mallet toe are the most common lesser toe deformities. Patients will complain of toe pain while wearing shoes and performing weight-bearing exercises. The primary concern for patients is usually pain and discomfort followed by cosmetic concerns [33]. Hammer toe deformities are most commonly seen in the 2nd and 3rd toes along with hallux valgus and claw toes. Claw toes are commonly seen in older patients with peripheral neuropathy.