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Anatomy in the Drawing Room at Felix Meritis Maatschappij in Amsterdam: Between Skin and Bones, Theory and Practice
Published in Andrew Graciano, Visualizing the Body in Art, Anatomy, and Medicine since 1800, 2019
In De Lelie’s rendering, despite the model’s pose, he is neither Apollo the god, nor the Apollo Belvedere. He is human and, although in possession of a decent physique, undeniably ordinary, mortal, and specific. Rather than ‘correct’ the model to conform more closely to Neoclassical ideals, De Lelie embraces an insistent and directly observed naturalism in his painting. The artist includes such physical details as the awkward model’s flushed cheeks (from embarrassment, one assumes), Morton’s toe (where the second one is longer than the first), and pubic hair, as well as part of the muslin pouch that conceals his genitals. Such (dare I say) vulgar naturalistic details, bordering on a kind of Dutch realism, seen equally throughout the painting, were appropriate to the insistent genre-painting character of the scene,31 with a specificity of detail for which the Golden Age Dutch and their eighteenth-century copyists were renowned. The result is that the model’s pose gives us a glimpse of Neoclassical art theory that is immediately undermined by the specific humanity of the body; that is, by De Lelie’s choice to paint the model rather than what the model represents. Although it simultaneously visualizes the creation (in class) and incorporation (into the painted image) of academy-beelden, De Lelie’s Anatomy Lecture is, nonetheless, ‘stuck’ in the transition from practical to theoretical, just as the life model within it is somewhere between mortal and timeless, ordinary and Apollo.
The dysmorphic metatarsal parabola in diabetes—clinical examination and management: a narrative review
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2021
AT Thompson, B Zipfel, C Aldous
The metatarsal parabola functions to provide stability during the stance and propulsive portion of gait, as weight is transferred to the metatarsal heads.18 Morton’s concept of lateral movement of pressure states that, if the first metatarsal is too short, it cannot assume the body weight in a balanced way and thus compensatory changes in foot posture might occur.18 A study found that patients with a Morton’s toe registered higher pressures beneath the second metatarsal (mean of 320 kPa) compared with a non-Morton foot control group (mean 243 kPa).29 A further study found that 60% of patients who presented with metatarsalgia (ball-of-the-foot pain) displayed lesser metatarsophalangeal joint instability.30 One study considered that the cause of lesser metatarsophalangeal joint symptoms was a deficit in first ray weight-bearing.31 In a critical analysis of Morton’s concepts, a review found support for Morton’s notion that weight can shift laterally in individuals who have a short first ray.32