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Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
The testis is enveloped by:Tunica vaginalis (outermost layer)The tunica albuginea (intermediate layer) is a dense adherent layer to the testis.Gives rise to fibrous tissue at the posterior aspect (mediastinum), where testicular artery and veins supply the testis.The tunica vasculosa (innermost layer) consists of blood vessels and connective tissue.
Testicular torsion
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
The testis is retracted superiorly. Fine-toothed forceps lift the edge of the wound and with blunt dissection an adequate “sub-dartos” scrotal pouch is formed (Figure 76.4). The testis, which is still everted from the tunica vaginalis, is placed in the scrotal pouch.
Hernias
Published in Gozie Offiah, Arnold Hill, RCSI Handbook of Clinical Surgery for Finals, 2019
Types of inguinal hernia➢ Can be direct or indirect according to their surgically defined relationship to the inferior epigastric artery.Indirect hernias are in the inguinal canal, descending to the scrotum.■ Leave the abdomen via the deep inguinal ring to follow an oblique course through the inguinal canal.■ The peritoneal sac may represent a patent or reopened processus vaginalis.■ May extend to the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis.➢ Direct hernias protrude anteriorly through transversalis fascia (Hasselbach’s triangle).➢ Pantaloon hernia describes a combination of both.
Use of an Autologous Platelet-Rich Concentrate in Hypospadias Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2023
Nitinkumar Borkar, Charu Tiwari, Debajyoti Mohanty, Arvind Sinha, Vijai Datta Upadhyaya
Various techniques have been proposed for hypospadias repair involving different surgical disciplines; however, the unanimous agreement among them is to use an intermediate layer to cover the neourethra. The reinforcement of hypospadias repair with an intermediate layer is believed to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. Medical Literature describes the use of various tissues such as de‐epithelised overlap skin flap, dartos fascia, corpus spongiosum, tunica vaginalis (TV) flap and tunica vaginalis graft to provide cover to neourethra [7–11]. Dartos fascia and tunica vaginalis flaps are the most preferred tissue to be used as an intermediate layer. It has been proved that the use of intermediate layer in hypospadias repair reduces the incidence of postoperative complications. Snow BW [10] was the first to introduce the use of TV as a blanket wrap to cover reconstructed neourethra. Tiwari et al. [11] reported that tunica vaginalis can also be used as a graft to cover neourethra. Though dissection of TV flap is easy and well vascularised, TV flap may sometimes be limited by its length to reach up to the apex of urethroplasty suture-line and will also not be available in re-do surgeries once used. Local dartos is considered to be more physiological, but it is limited to be used in redo surgeries or in staged surgeries. Tissue glue, sealants and biomaterials are useful in such conditions where there is a paucity of local tissue to cover the neourethra [12].
Utility of micro-TESE in the most severe cases of non-obstructive azoospermia
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
Procedures are preferably performed under local anaesthesia. A midline incision is made into the scrotum, and the tunica vaginalis is opened. The testis covered with the tunica albuginea is visualized, and the testis is opened widely in an equatorial plane along the mid-portion. This allows for wide exposure of seminiferous tubules in a physiological approach that follows intratesticular blood flow (11). The remainder of the procedure is performed under an operative microscope at ×20–25 magnification. Small samples are excised from the tubules. Larger and more opaque tubules are more likely to contain sperm (Supplementary Figure 2; available online). Up to 15 biopsies on each side are taken, but this can vary due to testicular size and tubular status. The procedure is terminated when all areas of the visualized parenchyma have been examined under the microscope or when further dissection is thought likely to jeopardize the testicular blood supply.
Protective Effect of Cordycepin on Experimental Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2018
Mehmet Hanifi Okur, Serkan Arslan, Bahattin Aydogdu, Hikmet Zeytun, Erol Basuguy, Mehmet Serif Arslan, Ibrahim Ibiloglu, Ibrahim Kaplan
All experimental procedures were performed at the Experimental Animals and Research Laboratory of the Dicle University Medical Faculty. The study was approved by the Dicle University Medical Faculty Ethics Committee. Forty Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 300–350 g were used and randomly divided into four groups. The rats were sustained on a 12-h light-dark cycle with access to standard rat chow for 1 week prior to the study, and were then food-restricted with access to water for 12 h before anesthesia. The rats were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of 50 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar®; Pfizer, Istanbul, Turkey) and 5 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (Rompon®; Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey) under aseptic conditions. A 2-cm vertical cutaneous and subcutaneous cut was made on the midline of the scrotum after the scrotum skin had been shaved and povidone-iodine antiseptic had been applied. The tunica vaginalis in the scrotal space of the right testicle was separated from the spermatic cord by blunt dissection and removed. The incision site was closed with a warm, wet gauze compress while placing the testicle tissue into the scrotum. The four groups of rats were treated as follows: