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Acquisition and Initiation of Sperm Motility
Published in Claude Gagnon, Controls of Sperm Motility, 2020
Even though spermatozoa acquire the potential for motility during transit through the vas deferens, they are immotile in the male reproductive organ until just before spawning or ejaculation, preserving their source of energy for motility. Motility is initiated when they are spawned in the aquatic environment such as sea water, brackish water, or fresh water in external fertilization species. In mammals, typical internal fertilization species, initiation of sperm motility occurs when they are mixed with seminal plasma which is released from accessory glands at ejaculation. In some other internal fertilization species, spermatozoa become motile when sperm cells or an assembly of spermatozoa, for example a sperm ball, a spermatophore, are introduced into the female reproductive tract.
Biology and Distribution of Ticks of Medical Importance
Published in Jürg Meier, Julian White, Handbook of: Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons, 2017
André Aeschlimann, Thierry A. Freyvogel
The reproductive organs can also play an important role in relation to pathogen transmission. Eggs may be invaded by pathogens in the ovaries - a process which means that young larvae may be infective already after hatching and even before they have taken their first blood meal. In fact, in some parasitic diseases transovarian transmission has been found to represent a major epidemiological factor. Mating-bound transmission, from male spermatophores to female egg-cells, could also take place in theory, but its occurrence has not (yet) been established with certainty.
Impacts of ionization radiation on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile and mating success of male house crickets (Acheta domesticus)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Tamara M. Fuciarelli, C. David Rollo
In Acheta, copulation requires females to mount males to accept spermatophores (Balakrishnan and Pollack 1997). Thus, males cannot coerce females into copulation, making their ability to elicit mounting through sexual signaling vital (Balakrishnan and Pollack 1997). In most insects, species-specific chemical communication is highly developed (Botha et al. 2017). For A. domesticus and many other insects, key male chemical signals include cuticular hydrocarbons (Tregenza and Wedell 1997; Thomas and Simmons 2010; Pavković-Lučić et al. 2012; Botha et al. 2017). Hydrocarbons and to a lesser extent lipids are the predominant components of insect cuticular extracts and have been documented in over 100 species (Assis et al. 2017). Hydrocarbon compounds however, unlike lipids are (Tregenza and Wedell 1997). These compounds are synthesized in the epidermal cells associated with the cuticle and have been shown to have a sex specific hydrocarbon profile in Acheta (Warthen and Uebel 1980; Assis et al. 2017). Other then playing a role in sex and species recognition, stress induced alterations to male sexual traits may be employed by females to detect males of lower fitness. Indeed, females can avoid ‘damaged’ males in a variety of species, including flies, spiders, rats, deer, and birds if one or more secondary sexual characteristics are altered (Kotiaho et al. 1996; Kavaliers et al. 2004; Mays and Hill 2004; Surinov 2007; Velando et al. 2008).
Radiation biology of a serious tropical pigeon pea pest, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and potential of radiation mediated ‘inherited (F1) sterility technique’ for the pest suppression
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Rakesh K. Seth, Basavaraj V. Patil, Zubeda Khan, Mahtab Zarin, Shivanand G. Hanchinal, Rachappa V. Haveri, Akshatha Gopalkrishna
The experiments on mating success were conducted in laboratory cages; each cage having 10–15 pairs, comprised one replicate. The mating success of moths was assessed by dissection of the females immediately after death. The presence of a spermatophore in the bursa copulatrix of female indicated that the female had mated (Figure 1). The longevity of treated moths was also determined.