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Exploitation and control of women's reproductive bodies
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Maternal effects on the offspring’s early development and later health have become a major research area in epigenetics over the last two decades. It is argued that epigenetic effects are sensitive to the stage of development: the chemicals and substances to which developing fetuses and newborn offspring are exposed can cause disorders in adult life, and also be transmitted through the maternal germline to subsequent generations via both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Accordingly, the perinatal period is seen as a window of opportunity for early intervention via maternal nutrition and/or physical activity that may induce beneficial physiological alternations in the fetus (Wang 2013).
Neonatal Care
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Sylvia Garry, Andrew Chapman, Elizabeth Ledger
The newborn is at risk of infection from the mother throughout the perinatal period: in utero, peri-partum and postpartum – for example due to breastfeeding. Antenatal care will usually include testing for infections to minimise risk of vertical transmission, which may include syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B; national guidance should be followed. Wherever neonatal infection is identified, the mother and her partner must also be treated. For treatment of congenitally acquired infections, see WHO guidance (see references).1,6
A mindfulness relationship-based model to support maternal mental health and the mother-baby relationship in pregnancy and beyond birth
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
These findings may be an indicator that pregnancy is a most sensitive period, through which psychosocial risks are expressed in complex physiological and behavioural responses that influence foetal and infant development. Despite these associations, research and support programmes examining antenatal and postnatal factors that lead to the intergenerational transmission of risks are severely lacking. Providing such understanding can facilitate the development of support programmes in pregnancy and preconception that aim to tap into greater fields of possibilities, insights, wisdom abilities and creativity and break transmission of risks across generations. Both the preconception, prenatal and perinatal period provide windows of opportunities for support to improve maternal mental health, attachment patterns and infant developmental outcomes. Nevertheless, this support should be focused on fostering the parental inner wisdom and mammalian abilities that have guided mothers and sustained their mental health for millennia, and not on expert dominance and merely technological modern advances.
Comparison of perioperative outcomes and anesthetic-related complications of morbidly obese and super-obese parturients delivering by cesarean section
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Patchareya Nivatpumin, Tripop Lertbunnaphong, Siritorn Maneewan, Nutha Vittayaprechapon
There is a growing epidemic of obesity in the general population. The global prevalence of morbid obesity in women is estimated at 1.6% [1], and adult obesity has been projected to continually increase in some countries, such as the United States [2]. The level of obesity among women in the United States who are of childbearing age (20–39 years) was recently reported to be high (39.7%), according to an analysis drawing upon the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [3]. Consequently, the proportion of parturients with obesity is increasing. It is generally nown that obesity is related to an increased risk of comorbidities, such as obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, systemic hypertension, fatty liver disease, and coronary arterial disease [4]. Pregnant women with obesity also have an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications [5]. The obstetric-related adverse outcomes in the perinatal period include preeclampsia, diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, macrosomia, preterm birth, and neonatal morbidity and mortality [5–10]. A meta-analysis revealed that the rate of cesarean delivery in individuals who were overweight or obese increased in line with their body mass: a higher body mass index (BMI) led to a higher chance of cesarean delivery [11].
Parents’ Mental Health Experiences during the Perinatal Transition: A Qualitative Study
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Jennifer S. Jewell, Charlotte V. Farewell, Jessica Walls, Ashley Brooks-Russell, Allison Dempsey, Jenn A. Leiferman
In total, 23 interviews were completed with pregnant moms (N = 4), postpartum moms (N = 11), partners (N = 2), and practitioners/educators who work with postpartum families (N = 6). Nine of the mothers were primiparous, and six were multiparous. The practitioners/educators included men and women who work closely with families in the perinatal period. Their work included “daddy boot camp” education, psychological counseling, labor and delivery nursing, and parenting class education. Demographic information was not collected on the interviewees. Interviews were conducted by first author (JJ) and coauthor (JW). After the first joint interview, all interviews were conducted individually and recorded. Interviews were transcribed by a coauthor (CF). Semi-structured interviews averaged 30 minutes in length.
Identified gaps and opportunities in perinatal healthcare delivery for women in treatment for opioid use disorder
Published in Substance Abuse, 2021
Karen Alexander, Vanessa Short, Megan Gannon, Neera Goyal, Madeline Naegle, Diane J. Abatemarco
In the last two decades, the rate of pregnancies affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States has quadrupled.1,2 Women with OUD often enter prenatal care later in pregnancy and stay longer in the hospital after birth compared to women without OUD,3 and many also lack traditional support networks of family and friends.4,5 In addition, a newborn exposed to intrauterine opioids may require medically supervised treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) for several weeks after birth, a condition that is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and prolonged hospital stays.6 The perinatal period, defined as the weeks immediately before, during and after the birth of a newborn, is therefore challenged by a structure of hospitalizations, multiple healthcare providers, and maintenance of OUD treatment.