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Reproductive biology in one other great ape (the gorilla)
Published in David J Cahill, Practical Patient Management in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
In particular, rising progesterone levels always follow ovulation, and indicate that it has occurred. Single measures of E1C and PdG levels could not tell us much, so urine samples were collected regularly and sent for analysis, allowing the results to be plotted against Salome’s cyclical oestrus cycle, as recorded by the zookeepers. Menstrual cycle activity in gorillas differs slightly from other great apes. They do not menstruate in a discernible manner, though blood can be detected in urine when it (menstruation) occurs, and this lasts 2–3 days. Oestrus is indicated by the desire to mate and is associated with a rise in oestrogen levels generally, indicating the temporal proximity of ovulation. In gorillas, oestrus is accompanied by minor swelling of the labia at the introitus, something the zookeepers are able to note and record. Labial swelling usually disappears when the LH surge happens (and when ovulation occurs) (2).
Animal diseases
Published in Jim Cox, Iain Mungall, Rural Healthcare, 2017
The bovine gestation period is 9 months. In both dairy and beef herds the farmer’s aim is to attain a calving index of 365 days, i.e. a calf born by each cow every 12 months. To achieve this, a cow should conceive 90 days after calving. This is the optimum interval for maximum milk output and calf production without detriment to the cow. Like sheep and horses, cows ovulate approximately every 21 days and display oestrus behaviour at this time. Rectal palpation or ultrasound per rectum 24–28 days post conception can confirm pregnancy. Poor ovulation and absent oestrus behaviour occur commonly when a cow is ‘milking off its back’, i.e. its food intake is inadequate.
Effect of the Prenatal Exposure of Khat on the Skeleton of Developing Rabbit Embryo: Morphometric and Gross Anatomical Study
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Sanaa El Nahla, Aref Abdul-Mughni, Amina Dessouki, Said Hassan
For mating, the estrus female animals were used. The detection of estrus was based on three primary vital signs: (1) increased vascularization and turgescence (swelling) of the vulva, (2) exposition of the rear quarters (tail goes up), (3) arching of the back (lordosis – a downward arching of the back) and frequent micturition (desiring to urinate). Secondary signs were stretching of ears, rubbing of the chin on feed trough or water, and aggressive restlessness [7].