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Predictors of Uterine Rupture and Recurrence after Myomectomy
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. Despite several medical and other non-medical management options for symptomatic fibroids, myomectomy remains the most common approach in women desiring fertility or preservation of their uterus or both. Uterine rupture (UR), defined as a complete disruption of the uterine wall, is rare but is one of the fearful complications associated with a myomectomy during a subsequent pregnancy and represents an obstetric emergency as it can be catastrophic, causing serious morbidity and mortality for the mother and unborn child. If UR occurs, the risk of a hysterectomy can be as high as 12%. In developed countries, UR is almost exclusively observed in the setting of a previous surgery on the uterus.
Uterine Fibroids and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Published in Botros R.M.B. Rizk, Yakoub Khalaf, Mostafa A. Borahay, Fibroids and Reproduction, 2020
Natasha K. Simula, Mohamed A. Bedaiwy
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract. Prevalence in the general reproductive-age population has been estimated at 5.4%, with increasing prevalence in older age groups [1]. The prevalence in pregnant women has been reported at 0.65%–10.6% [2–6]. Fibroids are known to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as malpresentation [3], placental abruption [5,6], preterm delivery [2,3,5,7], cesarean section [2,3,5], as well as increased blood loss with delivery and need for postpartum blood transfusion [7]. Fibroids may also be associated with infertility, spontaneous abortion (SA), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), although this association is not as well established.
Radiation Damage of the Reproductive Organs
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
The gonads are extremely radiosensitive. Although there are sufficient data available on the effect of ionizing radiation on the reproductive tracts of animals, data on human gonads, especially the testis, are limited since the testis are rarely irradiated in clinical settings. Most of the information on man is based on the few accidental radiation exposures and some clinical observations. Since the frequency of female genital-tract cancer is relatively high, considerable knowledge has been accumulated regarding the radiosensitivity of the female reproductive tract.
Expression and Clinical Significance of KLRG1 and 2B4 on T Cells in the Peripheral Blood and Tumour of Patients with Cervical Cancer
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Yuping Guo, Yaning Feng, Peiwen Fan, Xuan Yao, Yanchun Peng, Ruozheng Wang, Gulina Kuerban
Cervical cancer is the most common female reproductive tract malignancy, and its morbidity and mortality rank the fourth among female malignancies, following breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer (Bray et al. 2018; de Moura et al. 2020). Every year, more than 500,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer all over the world, and more than 300,000 patients die from it. Cervical cancer has become the “number one killer” threatening the health of women in China. The occurrence of cervical cancer is closely related to the long-term persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV), especially HPV16 and HPV18. HPV can be cleared by the immune system of most female hosts. But in some people, the immune system is not competent enough to clear the virus and eventually the cervical cancer develops among them over time (Burd 2003).
Mucosal biomarkers for endometrial receptivity: A promising yet underexplored aspect of reproductive medicine
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Mark Jain, Larisa Samokhodskaya, Elena Mladova, Olga Panina
Endometrial fluid is the most obvious source of ER biomarkers; however, it has certain drawbacks, such as low sampling volume and relative invasiveness, as access to the uterine cavity is required. Secretion in other parts of the female reproductive tract may also reflect endometrial status. The available sources of mucosal ER biomarkers are summarized in Figure 1. Although follicular fluid has been extensively studied regarding ART procedures outcomes, it was not considered to be the subject of the present review. This is because follicular fluid biomarkers predict the outcome of ART procedures via reflection of certain oocyte related characteristics, such as oocyte quantity and quality, fertilization rate, and embryo fragmentation rate, rather than ER (Ciepiela et al. 2018; Nagy et al. 2019; Yang et al. 2020).
Immunology of HPV-mediated cervical cancer: current understanding
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Babban Jee, Renu Yadav, Sangeeta Pankaj, Shivendra Kumar Shahi
Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies of female reproductive tract. Globally, it is the second most commonly diagnosed carcinoma in women and accounts for 569,847 new cases and 311,400 deaths in 2018 [1]. Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) is considered to be the primary cause of cervical cancer. hrHPV are associated with 90% to 99.7% cases of cervical carcinoma [2,3]. Only HPV 16 and HPV 18 are accountable for 71% global cases of cervical malignancy [4]. Usually, in majority of the cases, the HPV infections are cleared by the host immune system within 1-2 years and only in 10-15% of these cases, persistent infection develops which eventually leads to the development of cancer (in 1% case of infection with hr-HPV), if not timely and appropriately managed and treated [5].