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Synthetic Seeds Vis-A-Vis Cryopreservation: An Efficient Technique for Long-Term Preservation of Endangered Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Md. Nasim Ali, Syandan Sinha Ray
Zygotic embryos are desiccated during its maturation phase and remain viable during its dormant stage. Since somatic embryo (regenerated through plant tissue culture) has a similar morphology to zygotic embryo (except cotyledon), if they are modified to follow such mechanism (inactive for some time), then they may act as the true seed in terms of storage for certain duration (Senaratna, 1990). Based on this principle, the desiccated synthetic seed of carrot was prepared by Kitto and Janick (1985) using the gelling agent “polyex” wafer (Janick et al., 1989).
Towards the Importance of Fenugreek Proteins
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Almost all research on fenugreek proteins has been done on the seeds, owing to the dominant distribution of fenugreek proteins in seeds compared with leaves. As an endospermic legume, fenugreek endosperm contains higher protein content (43.8%) compared with its husk (7.9%) (Naidu et al., 2011). However, the seed’s endosperm is the exclusive source of gum galactomannan, and cotyledon is mainly occupied with proteins (Bewley et al., 2013). Figure 5.1 shows the fenugreek seed and its structure. Generally, the total protein content of fenugreek seeds (29.0–30%) is reported to be more than lentil (28.0%), chickpea (22.9–25.8%), pea (22.5%), and faba bean (23.4%). However, this amount is reported less than that of soybean (38.0%) and lupin (31.2%) (Abdel-Aal et al., 1986; Torki et al., 1987; Sauvaire et al., 1998).
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The gymnosperms are non-flowering or seed-producing plants such as Cycas, Pinus, Ginkgo in which ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall; hence they are called naked-seeded plants. In angiosperms or flowering plants, the male sex organs (stamen) and female sex organs (pistil) are borne in a same flower. The anther produces pollen grains (male gametophyte). The pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one to many ovules. Within the ovule is the female gametophyte or embryo sac which contains the egg cell. The angiosperms are divided into two classes: the monocotyledons or monocots (seed with a single cotyledon or one embryonic leaf) and the dicotyledons or dicots (seed having two cotyledons or two embryonic leaves) (2). They range in size from tiny, aquatic Wolffia to tall trees of Eucalyptus (over 100 m). Plants provide us with food, fodder, fuel, medicines, and several other commercially important products (2).
Multivariate Analysis of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Genotypes With Potentially Healthy Nutraceuticals and Uses
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Twenty-six butterfly pea genotypes consist of several samples per genotype in the USDA, ARS, PGRCU germplasm collection. Therefore, prior to planting, these genotype samples were tested for germination in order to determine which accession was the most viable. The seeds from each genotype were placed on moist paper towels and incubated at 20 °C nocturnal and 30 °C diurnal for 20 days. If hard, dormant seeds remained, they were clipped at the cotyledon edge. Twenty-six of the most viable butterfly pea genotypes were directly seeded in mid-May at Byron, Georgia, during 2018 in a field consisting of a sandy loam soil type. Each plot was 3m in length with 3 to 6m between rows. Plots were irrigated as needed. Flower colors were recorded at 50% maturity and pods were harvested between 3 and 6months after planting. Pods were hand harvested as they matured; dried at 21 °C, 25% RH for 1 to 2weeks; and threshed. Seeds were then counted and weighed.
Interactive effects of zinc oxide nano particles and different light regimes on growth and silymarin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Silybum marianum L.
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Muhammad aamir Shehzad, Mubarak Ali Khan, Amir Ali, Sher Mohammad, Ahmed Noureldeen, Hadeer Darwish, Asif Ali, Ayaz Ahmad, Tariq Khan, Raham Sher Khan
For the establishment of callus cultures, three different explants (root, hypocotyl and cotyledon) sections of size approximately 1 to 1.5 cm were cut out from four weeks old in vitro germinated seedlings. The excised explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with a combination of plant growth hormones 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-Benzylaminopurine(BA) added at various concentrations (1.1 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L and 3.3 mg/L), respectively. For each treatment, an explant was cultured on MS medium in a single test tube. Therefore, to obtain three replicate, the experiment was repeated thrice (1 explant × 3 culture tubes). Total 27 test tubes were subjected for each explant inoculation with various concentrations of the selected hormones. The data collection for callus culture was initiated after the 4th day of inoculation till the 35th day. Fifth weeks old calli were then sub-cultured on respective hormonal media composition for callus proliferation.
Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of Hypericum hookerianum extracts in a liposome system evaluated with zebrafish embryos
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019
P. S. Pradeep, S. Manisha, J. Monica Amala Nayaki, D. Sivaraman, R. Selvaraj, S. Seeni
Ripe berries were collected from mature shrubs of H. hookerianum occurring in and around Pambar shola in Palni hills of the Western Ghats in southern India. Seeds released from the fruits were washed, blotted over filter paper, surface decontaminated and rinsed thrice with sterile distilled water before sowing onto 9 cm petri plates. Seeds in groups of 120–140 were dispersed on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium devoid of nutrients in 9 cm pre-sterilized plastic petri dishes. Dishes were sealed with Parafilm-M and the seeds were then incubated for germination at 25 + 2 °C under 16/8 hd−1 light/dark period (50–60 μmolm−2 s−1 PFD). Observations on seed germination were made at weekly intervals and data on percentage seed germination was collected after 3 weeks. Cotyledon explants (0.5 cm) were dissected from the seedlings was subcultured in 1.0 mgl−1 KN MS agar medium supplemented with or without 0.1 mgl−1 NAA. After 8 weeks, the explants in culture were removed and 500 mg tissue was extracted with 80% ethanol for assaying hypericin.