China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hemorrhagic and Ruptured Ovarian Cysts and Acute Complications of Uterine Fibroids
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Youssef Youssef, Mostafa A. Borahay
The presentation of a ruptured or hemorrhagic cyst ranges from asymptomatic to circulatory collapse [4]. A high clinical suspicion is important to reach an accurate diagnosis, including a history of recent sexual intercourse, trauma, strenuous activity, or induction of ovulation [6]. Congenital or acquired thrombophilia and anticoagulation therapy are reported risk factors for hemoperitoneum [7]. Acute mid-cycle or luteal phase pain results from Graafian follicle or corpus luteum rupture. Pain caused by the corpus hemorrhagicum along with a history of secondary amenorrhea and a positive pregnancy test can mimic presentation of an ectopic pregnancy, but a normal intrauterine pregnancy must also be considered as a possible diagnosis [2]. Pain is usually unilateral, but depending on the amount of bleeding, it can be bilateral and can radiate from the abdomen to the back or tip of the shoulder [8]. Some studies showed a higher incidence of right-sided rupture, hypothesizing that the rectosigmoid acts as a cushion protecting the left ovary. Another group hypothesized high intraluminal pressure in the right ovary due to differences in ovarian venous architecture [9]. This unilateral susceptibility is controversial because other studies showed no difference in incidence between both ovaries [3]. Nonspecific presentations that may vary depending on the amount of bleeding can include nausea and vomiting, bloating and distention, pain intensely exacerbated by movement, decreased urine output, and altered consciousness [8].
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Follicular Growth and Ovulation in Spontaneous and Stimulated Cycles
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
The process of ovulation and follicular rupture also has been demonstrated by ultrasound.30 There were no significant changes in either the size or morphology of the follicle before its sudden decrease in size, which denotes escape of follicular fluid in the periovarian region. It took between 7 to 35 min until complete collapse of the follicle. As early as 1 h after rupture, the corpus hemorrhagicum may be visualized. Sonographically demonstrated, the early corpus luteum may have varying appearance and this occasionally can cause difficulties in diagnosis of ovulation. The most common feature includes complete collapse of the follicle and the presence of a small residual cyst with thick walls. It is usually filled with echogenic blood clots. In such cases, diagnosis of ovulation is relatively simple and reliable. In about 20% of cases, the follicle is almost the same or slightly decreased in size. It loses its tense appearance and is also filled with echogenic material. This represents a reaccumulation of the fluid and blood within the ruptured follicle and is accepted as clear ultrasonic evidence of ovulation as well. The most controversial finding is the presence of a cyst of the same or even larger size with tense walls and some internal echoes. This finding is highly suggestive of defective ovulation and is discussed in detail later (Figures 10 and 11).
Reproductive System and Mammary Gland
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Justin D. Vidal, Charles E. Wood, Karyn Colman, Katharine M. Whitney, Dianne M. Creasy
A large active corpus luteum will be present on one of the two ovaries. During the early luteal phase there may be a small central cavity, with or without hemorrhage (corpus hemorrhagicum). As the luteal phase progresses, the central cavity can contain fibrous connective tissue. The endometrial glands display distinct progressive changes throughout the luteal phase. The basal glands begin to become tortuous and sacculated during the periovulatory period (Figure 20.35c) and this change progresses though the luteal phase to include both basal and superficial glands. During the early to mid-luteal phase subnuclear vacuoles may be present within the glands. Although this is a characteristic change described in the human literature, it is variable in NHPs. Throughout the luteal phase, the glands often contain secretory material and as a result the luteal phase endometrium is often referred to as the secretory phase. Numerous spiral arteries are developing during this time. The vagina is still a thick stratified squamous epithelium, but the keratin layer may be less obvious.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei and appendiceal carcinoma with peritoneal metastases: current management strategies
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
One other site of predominant mucinous tumor accumulation is the ovary. In premenopausal women the inflammatory site produced by the corpus hemorrhagicum will allow mucinous tumor cells to stick deep within the ovarian stroma. Also, rich blood supply and hormonal factors promote tumor growth on the ovary. Large tumor masses on the ovary larger than at any other site within the abdomen and pelvis are common [2,20].