China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to Drugs and Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A simplified overview of the differences between the embryonic and fetal periods should be presented during consultation to clarify stages for the patient. The embryonic period should be described as the growth of cells that all look alike (i.e., are undifferentiated) into specialized cells that are arranged in special ways (i.e., organs, specialized tissues). Specialized cell lines or lineages grow in number and change in structure and arrangement, giving rise to organs and tissues. Some organs and tissues are formed earlier than are others. For example, the neural tube (brain and spine) forms earlier than do the face and endocrine system. After embryogenesis (58–60 days post-conception) is completed, the conceptus is a fetus (Figure 1.2). With a few exceptions, the morphological architecture for a normal (or abnormal) human is laid down during the embryonic period (embryogenesis or organogenesis), and during the fetal period these structures grow in size and develop normal physiologic function.
Drugs in pregnancy and lactation
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Toxicities causing death to the developing conceptus may be evident at any time from early conception to weaning. Thus, a positive signal may appear as peri-implantation loss, early or late resorption, abortion, stillbirth or neonatal death. In rodents and rabbits, embryo-fetal death is often a sign of maternal toxi-city, but in some cases, it can occur without any maternal toxicity and is related to the compound.
Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Decidual sloughing may occur with ectopic pregnancy and IUP abortion. Tissue is carefully evaluated visually and then histologically for evidence of a conceptus. If no clear gestational sac is visually seen or if no villi are identified histologically within the cast, then the possibility of ectopic pregnancy must still be entertained [1]. However, it is an invasive technique, and the effect of dilatation and curettage may be affected by the skill of the operator. Unnecessary curettage and possible disruption of a normal IUP can be another disadvantage.
Intraamniotic digoxin administration versus intracardiac or funic potassium chloride administration to induce foetal demise before termination of pregnancy: a prospective study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Münip Akalın, Oya Demirci, Oya Gokcer, Hayal İsmailov, Ali Sahap Odacilar, Gizem Elif Dizdarogulları, Özge Kahramanoğlu, Aydın Ocal, Guher Bolat, Mucize Eriç Özdemir
For short-term obstetric outcomes, labour induction time, hospitalisation time, extramural delivery, retained conceptus product requiring curettage, and chorioamnionitis were recorded. The induction time was defined as the time from the beginning of labour induction with misoprostol to the time of delivery. The hospitalisation time was defined as the time from admission to postpartum discharge. Complete blood counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured on the first postpartum day. Haematocrit levels before foeticide administration were compared with postpartum haematocrit levels and decreases were recorded. Chorioamnionitis was suspected if at least two of the following conditions were present: pyrexia (≥38 °C), uterine tenderness, pyogenic discharge, elevated white blood cell count, or elevated CRP level.
Nonpregnant and pregnant adult female rats affected by maternal diabetes environment
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Verônyca Gonçalves Paula, Maysa Rocha de Souza, Yuri Karen Sinzato, Ana Izabel Silva Balbin Villaverde, José Eduardo Corrente, Gustavo Tadeu Volpato, Débora Cristina Damasceno
The structural and functional growth of specific tissues or organs can be stimulated or inhibited by the maternal condition and, ultimately, result in disability and illness in adult life. This effect has been termed the ‘fetal origins of adult disease’ (Hales and Barker 1992) and later, the ‘developmental origin of health and disease’ (DOHaD) (Bateson et al. 2004; Calkins and Devaskar 2011; Navarro et al. 2017). Developmental plasticity occurs during sensitive periods (i.e., when a system is moldable) and acts by altering tissue morphology (e.g., anatomy and/or microanatomy) or cellular activity within the tissues from the conceptus. Therefore, developmental plasticity encompasses processes that generate alternative phenotypes from a single genotype through environmental stimuli that act during development (Gluckman and Hanson 2007). Despite DOHaD being considered a normal biological phenomenon and a part of developmental plasticity, it can be maladaptive and lead to a higher risk of disease in some circumstances.
The Non/Inhuman Within: Beyond the Biopolitical Intrauterine Imaginary
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2021
Sarah Franklin describes the embryo as a basket category “describing everything from a conceptus, a zygote or a blastocyst to a reconstructed cell, a fertilized egg or an embryoid body” (2006, p. 167). The early intrauterine process from zygote to embryo is a dynamic happening over a number of weeks, involving one cell (the alliance of sperm and egg) rapidly evolving to become a ball of cells, and then to transform into a set of tubes. It is worth noting, as medical and visualizing technologies develop, that the embryo stage is rapidly becoming subject to what Sarah Franklin names “anxious attention”: Human embryos are now a vast and diverse population, imaged, imagined and archived in media as diverse as liquid nitrogen, DVDs, virtual libraries, t-shirts, logos and brandnames. (Franklin, 2006, p. 168)