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Narrative as Rhetoric and the Art of Medicine
Published in James Phelan, Narrative Medicine, 2023
HOPI (History of Present Illness): James Rowland is a 44-year-old male who presents today for evaluation of chest pain. This is a recurrent problem, occurring approximately once a month for the past year. Recently increasing in frequency. Episodes come on suddenly and last approximately 10 minutes. The pain is described as sharp, left-sided, without radiation into the left arm or neck. These episodes seem to occur during physical exertion, are aggravated by caffeine intake, and have been gradually worsening. Associated symptoms include heart racing, dizziness, malaise/fatigue, and nausea. Patient denies chest pressure, coughing, diaphoresis, fever, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, syncope, vomiting, weakness, or anxiety.
Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease: a Gender Difference
Published in Ronald R. Watson, Marianne Eisinger, Exercise and Disease, 2020
Patricia A. Brill, Christopher B. Scott, Neil F. Gordon
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women and men. It is evident that a regular physical activity/exercise training program can reduce the risk of CHD via an alteration in many of the known factors which contribute to this condition. Though both women and men share the same risks for this disease, each CHD risk factor may present itself differently within each sex resulting in mortality differences. Similarly, the amount of exercise or physical activity needed to effect each independent risk factor also may be related to gender. While physical exertion needs to be accurately quantified in the research situation to determine dose-response relationships, the fact is most people currently do not or will not participate in formal exercise training programs to achieve these recommended levels. For these individuals, integration of physical activity into their daily routines may be more likely to be adhered to than a formal exercise training program.
The brain
Published in Francesco E. Marino, Human Fatigue, 2019
However, there are some overlapping and interchangeable terms when describing these concepts which require further elaboration with respect to their relationship with fatigue. Specifically, perceived exertion and effort sense are concepts that not only are used interchangeably but also carry some implied relationship with physical exertion since both require sensory and psychophysiological inputs to generate the perception.
Quantifying self-contained breathing apparatus on physiology and psychological responses during firefighting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Jian Li, Yunyi Wang, Rongfan Jiang, Jun Li
Beyond this heat stress, another contributing mechanism is strenuous physical exertion. Firefighting activities are highly fitness-demanding on the circulatory and metabolic systems (i.e., near HRmax), thus putting the cardiovascular system at risk [54,55]. To better understand how heat stress and exertion interact to affect vascular function, researchers are looking into the possibility of heat stress and exertion acting synergistically [56]. Firefighters have been certified to have a 5-fold to 100-fold increased risk of developing coronary heart disease than officers, paramedics and drivers [55,57]. During a real-world firefighting and rescue operation, firefighters may develop additional cardiovascular disease due to heat stress, significantly affecting their HR, HRmax, VO2max and TSR parameters. Exercise-induced heat stress mitigation strategies may aid in the prevention of acute cardiac events and warrant further investigation. Our meta-analysis findings add to that evidence, elucidating why firefighters are more likely to die of cardiovascular disease.
Reliability of the Swedish version of the multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise scale (MOEES-SW) in a cardiac population
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Charlotte Urell, Karin Hellström, Henrik Johansson, Marie Breidenskog, Emil Hagström, Annika Bring
The patients completed the MOEES-SW questionnaire and the Frändin-Grimby physical activity scale (Frändin and Grimby, 1994) as baseline data. Frändin and Grimbys physical activity scale states six different scenarios of physical activity: 1) mainly sitting in one place, reading or watching TV; 2) light PAs such as easy household tasks, as well as going for an occasional walk or doing easy gardening; 3) moderate PA for about 3 h/week, such as dusting, ordinary gardening, walking longer distances, and cycling; 4) moderate PA over 4 h/week or intense PA up to 4 h/week, such as heavy gardening, home maintenance or heavy domestic activities involving some breathlessness, and sweating; 5) active sports at least 3 h/week such as tennis, swimming, jogging, or heavy gardening or heavy leisure-time activities; and 6) competitive sports, strenuous exercise several times a week involving considerable physical exertion (e.g. swimming or jogging a longer distance).
Psychological aspects of sport-related concussion: An evidence-based position paper
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2022
Gordon A. Bloom, Alicia M. Trbovich, Jeffrey G. Caron, Anthony P. Kontos
The Graduated Return to Sport steps are monitored by a medical doctor or allied health professional (varies between states, countries, and it is dependent on the type of health system used), who then must determine that the athlete is prepared to return to sport (McCrory et al., 2017). Athletes are deemed to be “ready” to return to sport once they have progressed through the six steps that are listed in Table 1. More specificallly, it can be surmised that the overarching purpose of these steps is to increase athletes’ physical exertion. The only hint of psychological variables appears in steps 4 (increased thinking) and 5 (restore confidence and increased thinking). Although this approach is intuitive, it is noteworthy that the development of the graduated return to sport steps was not evidence-based. That is, although certain aspects of the return to sport steps have received empirical attention (e.g., that symptom-limited activity is beneficial for athletes early in concussion recovery; e.g., Lawrence et al., 2018), the six-step process as a whole is not evidence-based. The assumption that all athletes progress similarly, and that athletes’ progression through these steps relies on honest disclosure of symptoms, are some of the limitations to this approach.