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Exercise Selection
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Researchers have shown that throwing velocity in softball improved after 12 weeks of training with closed kinetic chain exercises (3.4%, p < 0.05), but not after training with open-kinetic chain exercises (0.5%, p-value not specified) (73). Additional researchers indicated that muscle stabilizers may be recruited to a greater extent during free-weight exercises compared to machine-based exercises (39, 81). Thus, evidence supports the notion that free-weight, multi-joint exercises may require greater muscle coordination and recruitment that may produce favorable strength-power adaptations that benefit athletic performance. Because machine-based exercises and free-weight exercises exist on a continuum, S&C practitioners should consider selecting exercises based on the individual needs of each athlete. For example, enhanced tissue capacity may be achieved using machine-based isolation exercises while free-weight multi-joint exercises may be used to provide a greater neuromuscular training stimulus due to the required coordinated muscle recruitment patterns. S&C practitioners should note that, regardless of the athlete, free-weight isolation and multi-joint machine-based exercise may serve as exercise progressions or regressions within the aforementioned exercise continuum (91).
Osteoporosis and Exercise in the Older Adult
Published in K. Rao Poduri, Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Roger P. Rossi, Talya K. Fleming, Krishna J. Urs, Sara J. Cuccurullo
Open kinetic chain exercises are exercises where the hand or foot is not fixed to a surface but is allowed to move throughout the exercise. These exercises can include single-joint exercises, which create isolation movements, and in comparison more shearing forces. Some examples include upper body—biceps curls (primarily targeting biceps), and lower body—leg extension (primarily targeting quadriceps).
Treatment of shoulder pathologies based on irritability: a case series
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Kristin Somerville, Zachary Walston, Tye Marr, Dale Yake
The focus of the low-irritability category at Phase 1 continued from Phase 3a of the moderate irritability algorithm and included muscular endurance and motor control. The focus shifted during Phase 3 of low irritability to muscle hypertrophy and fast glycolysis, while Phase 4 and 5 focused on strength, hypertrophy, and power. Treatment consisted of multi-planar movements with increased load through full range of motion in both the open and closed kinetic chain. Open kinetic chain exercises, including single- or multi-joint movements, are beneficial because they more frequently isolate a specific muscle group. Closed chain exercises on the other hand, are thought to improve dynamic joint stability and proprioception since there is significant improved muscular co-contraction when exercises are performed in closed chain (Prokopy et al., 2008). Exercises therefore progressed from single plane, open chain movements to multi-planar, closed chain movements because maximal scapular muscle activation is improved through the use of functional patterns incorporating diagonal patterns and kinetic chain sequences (De May, Danneels, Cagnie, and Cools, 2011). Exercises focusing on muscle hypertrophy and power were not performed until the low-irritability phase because of increased stimulus and demand needed to achieve the metabolic and neuromuscular changes necessary (Schoenfeld, 2010). As irritability reduced, patients were able to tolerate increased stimulus and load without exacerbation of symptoms.
Effects of pericapsular soft tissue and realignment exercises for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and Harris Hip Score below 60 points
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Kazuo Hayashi, Toshiharu Tsunoda, Yuki Tobo, Fumiaki Ichikawa, Takayuki Shimose
To conduct a clinical trial examining this issue in patients with severe hip OA, it is important for patients to experience an improvement from baseline at an early stage. In addition, we propose that improvement at baseline is important for encouraging patients with severe hip pain to avoid or postpone surgery. Between 1998 and 2006, we treated patients with hip OA by engaging them in stretching and open kinetic chain exercise to strengthen the hip abductor of the gluteus medius. However, in patients with an HHS below 60 points, performing these exercises did not improve symptoms or function. These findings were similar to the results reported by Bennell et al.5. Therefore, we adopted an alternative exercise, which was developed in Shiatsu practice in Japan (Supplementary Appendix 1). We observed that some patients with severe hip OA exhibited improvement of symptoms at an early stage after performing this alternative exercise. We started using this exercise as a pericapsular soft tissue and realignment (PSTR) exercise (Supplementary Appendix 2) in 2007 and have performed this exercise between 2007 and 2010. We found that pelvic realignment exercises were not included in a previous Cochrane review of studies3. We confirmed the effects of this exercise for patients with hip OA in a retrospective study of 1077 cases from 2011 to 201416. The results revealed that many patients with severe hip OA experienced an improvement, such as pain at baseline, and pelvic realignment exercise was most effective for this improvement because it reduced walking instability most effectively. The pelvic realignment exercises were not included, even in a digital self-management program reported by Dahlberg et al.10.
Elastofibroma presented as shoulder pain in an amateur swimmer: screening for referral in physiotherapy. A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Fabrizio Brindisino, Firas Mourad, Filippo Maselli
To strengthen the shoulder complexity and regain stability and robustness of the whole body, the patient was gradually exposed to strength exercises performed in a supervised setting. The PT initially prescribed closed-kinetic chain exercises reassuring the patient about her ability to move and to better recruit the axio-scapular muscles in a controlled manner. Exercises were progressed to more challenging open kinetic chain exercises, with the adjunct of resistance by the end of the progression. The patient showed a positive attitude and adhered to the strength program and her load-bearing ability grew as she was gradually exposed to increasing loads.