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Dyspraxia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Dyspraxia is a form of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affecting fine and/or gross motor coordination in children and adults. Children with dyspraxia are typically late in reaching milestones (e.g., rolling over, sitting, standing, walking, writing, riding a bike, speaking, and self-care). Dyspraxia primarily impacts an individual’s ability to plan and process motor tasks. It results in lifelong impaired motor, memory, judgment, processing, and other cognitive skills. Dyspraxia also impacts the immune and central nervous systems.1
Inhalational Durg Abuse
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Jacob Loke, Richard Rowley, Herbert D. Kleber, Peter Jatlow
Associated with these relatively mild subjective psychological effects, there is a transient intellectual and psychomotor influence. Studies have demonstrated mild intellectual deficits in the setting of marijuana intoxication, including impaired short- and long-term memory and difficulty with simple computation, concepts, and oral communication (Nicholi, 1983). Psychomotor deficiencies with impairment of fine motor coordination have been observed. Sensory, perceptual, and tracking dysfunctions may be seen and present one of the more dangerous aspects of marijuana intoxication. The more affected individuals may be a potential danger to themselves or others when driving or flying, due to impaired ability to perform (Smiley et al., 1981; Janowsky et al., 1976). Because of these psychophysiological and psychomotor effects of marijuana some private industries and government institutions have implemented programs to detect marijuana or other drug abuse in their employees through urine tests (Dogoloff et al., 1985; Schwartz and Hawks, 1985). Urine testing, however, indicates only whether or not an individual has smoked or ingested marijuana, and does not measure impairment (Mason and McBay, 1985). Furthermore, passive inhalation of marijuana smoke resulted in detection of cannabinoids in the urine and blood of healthy volunteers (Morland et al., 1985). These adverse intellectual and psychomotor effects usually resolve in 8-12 hr.
Education: Realizing the potential for learning in pulmonary rehabilitation
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Felicity Blackstock, Suzanne C. Lareau
Physical limitations such as hearing and visual limitations and fine motor coordination can impact learning. If hearing problems are not detected early in the programme, important verbal interactions can be missed or misunderstood. Fine motor coordination is particularly relevant for those having to develop psychomotor skill capabilities such as loading inhalers or dealing with oxygen devices. Given inhalers require precision, inhaler assembly must be observed, changes in technique altered as needed and frequent subsequent observations and return demonstrations planned in the programme. PR provides an excellent opportunity to assess and reinforce inhaler technique over the weeks/months of the programme.
Central vestibular dysfunction: don’t forget vestibular rehabilitation
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Sulin Zhang, Dan Liu, E. Tian, Jun Wang, Zhaoqi Guo, Weijia Kong
At present, no clinically effective drugs are available for the treatment of the cerebellar lesions. A recent study reported that the fixation suppression was impaired in about 50% of patients with cerebellar infarctions [153]. Rehabilitation during the acute phase of cerebral infarction can effectively improve the quality of life. Therefore it is crucial that appropriate rehabilitation strategy should be used for patients with cerebellar infarction in the acute phase [154,155]. Some scholars found that balance exercises can improve the motor coordination by remodeling nerve synapses and activating astrocytes to improve the patient’s balance. However, early post-stroke multisensorial training, under visual deprivation with somatosensorial and vestibular stimulation, could be more effective than a traditional approach based on neurodevelopmental concepts [156,157].
Time-of-day effect on motor coordination in youth
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Yao-Chuen Li, Jeffrey D. Graham, Daniele Chirico, John Cairney
A number of standardized tests have been developed to evaluate overall motor coordination in individuals at different ages. The Peabody Development Motor Scales-Second Edition is used to assess motor development in children from birth to 5 years (Folio and Fewell 2000), whereas the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (Henderson et al. 2007) or the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition: Short form (BOT-2 SF) (Bruininks and Bruininks 2005) are widely used to evaluate motor coordination in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3–21 years. As these standardized tests measure various domains of motor coordination that may be influenced by the time-of-day effect (e.g., running speed and strength), highlighted by the research reviewed above, an individual’s performance on these tasks may differ over the course of a day (time-of-day effect). Therefore, the resultant intra-day variation in motor coordination may impact the testing result. Consequently, the accurate estimation of motor coordination may not be achieved, and in turn, this may lead to the misclassification of motor impairments.
The quality of life and the future of young adults with Asperger syndrome
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Alix Vincent, David Da Fonseca, Karine Baumstarck, Isabelle Charvin, Rafael Alcaraz-Mor, Marie-Pascale Lehucher-Michel
Depending upon the country, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders varies from 0.6% to 1% in the general population [1,2]. According to the High Authority of Health [1], 350,000–600,000 individuals are affected with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in France. Asperger syndrome was first described in 1944 by Hans Asperger [3] and later recognized by the medical community (1993 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10ème edition, 1994 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV). Asperger syndrome affects between 1/250 and 1/200 children [4]. Since 2013, the syndrome has been included in all ASD having no intellectual disabilities (ASD without Intellectual Disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V). Despite the absence of an intellectual disability, these individuals suffer from restricted interest difficulties and a persistent communication and social interaction stereotypic behavior. This may also be accompanied by motor coordination disorders and sensory hypersensitivity [5].