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Leg Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Begin by obtaining the patient’s medical history: General health conditions, such as obesity or pregnancy.History of acute injury to the plantar fascia may not be noticeable.Careers that require long periods of time in a standing position.Sports injury from jumping.
Infancy and the early years
Published in Julia Whitaker, Alison Tonkin, Play for Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Movement is the basis for all development, and physical play at the start of life nurtures and promotes the complex interplay of brain, body, and mind (Schweizer 2009). Young children are naturally drawn to interact physically with their environment, developing an understanding of the world and their connection to it through the senses. From an early age, they need the time, space, and adult encouragement to explore and experiment using their whole body. Moving in relation to the earth – crawling, balancing, climbing – fosters spatial awareness. Walking, running, and jumping develop muscle strength and coordination and build healthy lungs. Fine motor skills are refined through picking up and manipulating objects of different sizes and shapes. Physical play in the natural environment boosts the immune system, encourages a healthy appetite, and prepares the body for rest and sleep. It also allows children to learn to assess and manage risk, the experience of which is regarded as ‘a foundation for life and [for] understanding themselves and their capabilities’ (Little et al. 2012).
Biomechanical Analysis of Long Bones Provides the Crucial Break in Decedent Identification
Published in Heather M. Garvin, Natalie R. Langley, Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology, 2019
Although people often think of bone as static or unchanging, bone responds to mechanical stimuli caused by dynamic loading during normal activities such as walking, running, and jumping throughout life. Forces created by muscles and forces exerted by the ground on the body (ground reaction force) during normal activities can cause physical deformation or strain on the bones (Wallace, 2014). Under sufficient compression, a long bone deforms by shortening and slightly bulging. Under tension, it lengthens and narrows slightly. Shear forces cause angular deformation. Bone cells known as osteocytes detect strain, and bone responds by adding bone to specific locations to reduce future strain or by removing bone in areas where strain is low (Robling et al., 2014; Wallace, 2014). In other words, bone responds to mechanical forces by forming bone in areas that receive a signal that increased strength is necessary and removing bone where strength is less important. As a result, bone size and shape changes throughout life to reduce mechanical strain caused by the stress of daily activities. Activities such as jumping create greater strain than walking, and therefore evoke greater change.
COVID-19: quarantine, isolation, and lifestyle diseases
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Heena Rehman, Md Iftekhar Ahmad
A central feature of the management of all the lifestyle diseases is regular physical activity. The physical activity is classified into four principal types, namely – stretching, strengthening (bone and muscles), and aerobics. Physical activity facilitates improvement in insulin sensitivity, uptake of glucose by muscles, and control over sugar. People with prediabetes are suggested to engage in 60 min of aerobic activity daily. Physical activity is the best approach for the management of weight. Weight loss can be achieved by combining restricted energy and physical activity. Regular physical activity helps in reducing abdominal obesity (Kim and Lee 2009), leading to changes in insulin resistance and blood pressure. Since the quarantine has resulted in restricted outdoor movements. Several other ways can be incorporated which helps in energy expenditure such as taking stairs instead of elevator (Blamey et al. 1995), walking while talking on the phone, and raking the leaves instead of using the blower. The ancient Chinese practices such as Qi gong and Tai chi helps in controlling the muscles (Jahnke et al. 2010). Dancing is another way of maintaining a healthy body which includes both the ballroom dancing and aerobic dancing. Jumping rope helps in burning extra calories and is categorised in aerobic activities.
A cross-sectional study of the relationship between recreational sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Hansa Patel, Lisa Woods, Paul Teesdale-Spittle, Elaine Dennison
We observed benefits of high impact weight-bearing activity in our study. It is generally accepted that the mechanical load induced by exercise training enhances osteoblastic activity [49–51]. However, not all exercise modalities are equally osteogenic. Weight-bearing high impact exercises such as hopping and jumping have been shown to have the greatest benefits [52]. Bone formation is increased in regions of high strain, with the skeletal effect of mechanical loading being site-specific, with greater responses at skeletal sites where loading impacts are greater [2,6,53]. The majority of weight-bearing exercises elicit physical loading to the lower limbs. To generate the adaptive response of bone to mechanical loading, sufficient magnitude, rate and frequency of loading are necessary if adequate intensity of loading is to be achieved: relatively few loading repetitions are sufficient to generate an adaptive skeletal response [54]. Further, as osteocytes are desensitized by repetitive loading, short bouts with intervals of rest are more beneficial than the same number of loads performed continuously [55]. Sporting activity is particularly important as it has been suggested that adaptations to mechanical loading in adolescence and young adulthood may be translated into greater bone strength over a lifetime [56]. Bones may become less sensitive to mechanical loading after skeletal maturity is reached at 18 to 25 years of age [57].
Force-length-velocity behavior and muscle-specific joint moment contributions during countermovement and squat jumps
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Given the dearth of information about muscle forces and force generating abilities of muscles during different jumping tasks, the goal of the current study was to investigate the force-length-velocity behavior of major lower body muscles during the CMJ and SJ to provide meaningful information about their dynamics and task-specific differences in relation to jump performance. These analyses were supplemented with information about muscle-specific contributions to NJM during the CMJ and SJ so that muscle forces and force generating abilities characteristics could be interpreted from a more practical perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to calculate the forces, force-length-velocity behavior, and muscle-specific moment contributions to the lower extremity NJM during the CMJ and SJ.