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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Following initial investigation by projectional radiography, MDCT is used to assess bone displacement, rotation and integrity of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint and for quantifying degenerative diseases [28; 29]. MRI and ultrasound are commonly used to examine the rotator cuff [30] and MRI is used to examine joint instability and traumatic joint injury [31]. MDCT arthrography may also be used to assess joint instability [32].
The shoulder and pectoral girdle
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
One must distinguish between joint laxity and joint instability. Joint laxity implies a degree of translation in the glenohumeral joint which falls within a physiological range and which is asymptomatic. Joint instability is an abnormal symptomatic motion for that shoulder which results in pain, subluxation or dislocation of the joint.
Behaviours
Published in Emmanuel Tsekleves, Rachel Cooper, Design for Health, 2017
Claire Craig, Paul Chamberlain
However, the examples we have included all refer to positive changes, the adoption of new behaviours and ways of thinking. What about the role of design in inhibiting or changing unhelpful behaviour? Poor lifestyle habits can play a significant contributing factor to many long-term conditions (Alcorn and Broome 2014). Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking and the overconsumption of alcohol can significantly increase the risk of chronic disease including diabetes, cancer and heart disease (Hu et al., 2001; Colaguiuri et al., 2009; Rabe et al., 2007). It can also exacerbate existing problems. For instance, according to Arthritis Research UK, for every pound a person is overweight three extra pounds of stress is placed on the knee joint and six pounds of excess stress is placed on the hip joint. For a person living with chronic arthritis this can significantly exacerbate the condition, leading to further joint instability and pain.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its associated uveitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Arash Maleki, Priya D. Patel, C. Steven Foster
Oligoarticular JIA is the most common category of JIA (50%) which affects 4 or fewer joints over the course of the first 6 months. It affects girls more than boys (F/M ratio 3–5/1) and the incidence is higher in children between 1 and 3 years old. Knee (the most common joint), wrist, ankle, elbow, or smaller joints are involved asymmetrically. Oligoarticular JIA does not usually affect neck and spine. Chronic arthritis can result in subluxation of joints, contracture of flexors, and joint instability. Eventually, chronic untreated inflammation can cause joint fusion and limb shortening. Children with oligoarticular JIA have a positive ANA test up to 70% and anterior uveitis can occur in 15% to 30% of these patients. Uveitis is asymptomatic in this group, especially early in the course of the disease. As a result, a pediatric ophthalmologist or uveitis specialist should monitor these high-risk patients closely [52].
The effect of conservative therapies on proprioception in subacromial pain syndrome: a narrative synthesis
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2022
Celeste L. Overbeek, Hamez Gacaferi, Jan W. Schoones, Prakash Jayakumar, Henricus M. Vermeulen, Jurriaan H. de Groot, Rob G. H. H. Nelissen, Jochem Nagels
Previous studies have suggested impaired active joint stabilisation as a causal factor in SAPS [40–42] and the goal of exercises targeting proprioception would be to enhance joint stability [40–42,44,45]. We suggest that effective exercises may accomplish enhanced joint stability in two ways. First, exercises may result in increased co-contraction of agonists and antagonists at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracal joint, which directly results in increased active stabilisation [40–42]. Second, consequent increased tonus of antagonistic muscles may lower the excitation threshold of muscle spindles, enhancing Joint Position Sense, and thus active joint stabilisation [43]. Considering also that muscle spindle information is the main source of input for Joint Position Sense, this would explain why passive strategies such as kinesiotape are less effective in improving Joint Position Sense in patients with SAPS [27,32,35,46].
Possibilities of kinesio taping to prevent injuries of professional dancers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Excessive mobility of the joints is not only an important professional quality for dancers, but also a predisposing factor for joint injuries. An excessive number of joint movements during training and performances inevitably leads to systemic microtraumas of the articular surfaces and, as a result, to early destruction of the cartilage [16]. KT is one of the most effective prudent methods aimed at prevention of injuries among dancers with joint hypermobility. Prolonged use of KT to recoup hypermobility of the joints of the lower extremities among 44 professional dancers led to a significant improvement of the joints’ condition. Stabilization of the joints was accompanied by an increased strength of the following muscles: quadratus lumborum, piriformis, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, iliopsoas, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and adductors [17]. Often, functional joint instability is a result of different traumas.