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Clinical strength testing
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Dale Cannavan, Katie Thralls-Butte
Isotonic (isoinertial) contractions have traditionally been defined as moving a fixed resistance through a ROM. This type of strength testing is commonplace and generally measured using various methods including free weights (see Chapter 3.9 Strength testing, Sports testing volume). Given the strength deficits after injury, a new strength assessment will be required for RTS protocols. Although the 1-RM (the maximum load that a person can lift for one repetition) is the ‘gold standard’, during rehabilitation, the body will not be ready to withstand heavy loads and a submaximal 1-RM test (using regression equations) will be more appropriate. Most studies support good predictive validity (Table 3.10.1) for multiple repetitions up to 10-RM, although fewer repetitions are more predictive of a true 1-RM and can be used by either gender (see Mayhew et al., 2008). Furthermore, sit-to-stand protocols show good-to-excellent reliability (0.81 to 0.92) with moderate-strong correlations for knee extensor and leg press strength (Bohannon, 2019).
Strength testing
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume I – Sport Testing, 2022
Dale Cannavan, Katie Thralls Butte
Isotonic contractions have traditionally been defined as moving a fixed resistance through a range of motion (ROM). However, isoinertial may be more appropriate terminology, as ‘isotonic’ is misleading because constant muscle force is rare in human movement (Abernathy and Jürimäe, 1996). Nevertheless, this mode of strength testing is commonplace, with practitioners employing free weights, fixed machines, force plates and load cells; outcome measures include peak force/torque, rate of force development (RFD) and work/power. Tests include but are not limited to maximal concentric/eccentric strength, static and countermovement vertical or horizontal jumps and throwing assessments. The most commonly applied test involves the determination of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM: the maximum load that a person can lift for one repetition).
Effects of plantar flexors training (force vs. velocity) on plantar flexion and squat jump force-velocity relationships
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
C. Giroux, R. Hager, J. Feugray, G. Lauby, S. Dorel, A. Nordez, G. Guilhem
The plantar flexion torque-angular velocity relationship was evaluated in isokinetic conditions on an Eracles ergometer (Eracles technology, Compiegne, France) at 0 (isometric), 30, 120, 210 and 300°/s. High-velocity plantar flexions were performed on a specific ergometer composed of a rotational footplate and a bench (Bio2M, Compiègne, France). The three isoinertial conditions tested were 0 kg, 1.5 kg and 3 kg applied to the back of the pedal. The squat jump force-velocity profile was evaluated on a force-platform with incremental additional loads. Five conditions were tested. Loads were selected accordingly with the performance on the previous trial.
Exercise as a therapeutic approach to improve blood pressure in patients with peripheral arterial disease: current literature and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2019
Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Marilia de Almeida Correia, Aluísio Andrade-Lima, Gabriel Grizzo Cucato
The BP responses during isoinertial resistance exercise were analyzed during 10 repetitions with 50% of one maximal repetition in the knee extension exercise. The systolic and diastolic resting BP were 126 ± 14 mm Hg and 68 ± 8 mm Hg, respectively. Systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly compared to the resting values with peak values of 184 ± 20 mm Hg and 104 ± 14 mm Hg, for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively [62]. The maximum systolic BP observed during the exercise was 230 mm Hg, while the maximum diastolic BP was 148 mm Hg [62].