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Exercise Selection
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Researchers have shown that throwing velocity in softball improved after 12 weeks of training with closed kinetic chain exercises (3.4%, p < 0.05), but not after training with open-kinetic chain exercises (0.5%, p-value not specified) (73). Additional researchers indicated that muscle stabilizers may be recruited to a greater extent during free-weight exercises compared to machine-based exercises (39, 81). Thus, evidence supports the notion that free-weight, multi-joint exercises may require greater muscle coordination and recruitment that may produce favorable strength-power adaptations that benefit athletic performance. Because machine-based exercises and free-weight exercises exist on a continuum, S&C practitioners should consider selecting exercises based on the individual needs of each athlete. For example, enhanced tissue capacity may be achieved using machine-based isolation exercises while free-weight multi-joint exercises may be used to provide a greater neuromuscular training stimulus due to the required coordinated muscle recruitment patterns. S&C practitioners should note that, regardless of the athlete, free-weight isolation and multi-joint machine-based exercise may serve as exercise progressions or regressions within the aforementioned exercise continuum (91).
Osteoporosis and Exercise in the Older Adult
Published in K. Rao Poduri, Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Roger P. Rossi, Talya K. Fleming, Krishna J. Urs, Sara J. Cuccurullo
An alternative to open kinetic chain is closed kinetic chain exercises. Closed kinetic chain exercise are exercises where the hand (or more proximally arm) or foot (or more proximally leg) are fixed and do not move because it remains in contact to a surface (e.g., ground, footplate, and machine handle). These exercises usually incorporate multijoint and compound movements. Some examples include upper body—pushups (cocontraction of pectorals, latissimus, deltoids, biceps, triceps, core abdominals, low back, and forearm/hand muscles) and lower body—lunge (cocontraction of gluteal muscles, hip flexors, quadriceps, hamstrings, and ankle/foot muscles). Some benefits of closed kinetic chain exercise are that they create compressive forces, which more closely mimic activities of daily living.
Effect of Force Sense to Active Joint Position Sense and Relationships between Active Joint Position Sense, Force Sense, Jumping and Muscle Strength
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Haydar Kaynak, Muammer Altun, Serdar Tok
Authors (Andersen, Terwilliger, & Denegar, 1995; Bullock-Saxton et al., 2001; Bunton, Pitney, Cappaert, & Kane, 1993; Drouin et al., 2003; Foch & Milner, 2013; Herrington, 2005; Higgins & Perrin, 1997; Magalhães, Ribeiro, Pinheiro, & Oliveira, 2010) similarly have done JPS testing with the knee in the weight-bearing (WB) position, and a better JPS acuity found in the WB position than non-weight-bearing (NWB) position. Andersen et al. (1995) and Herrington (2005) measured the performance of JPS at 45-degree like the present study, while the others (Bullock-Saxton et al., 2001; Bunton et al., 1993; Drouin et al., 2003; Higgins & Perrin, 1997; Magalhães et al., 2010) measured 15, 30, 35, and 50-degrees. Absolute reposition error reported for WB between 1.8 and 3.4 degrees, and for NWB as 4.1 degrees. The absolute errors found between 1.3 and 3.5 degrees in this study for knee JPS tasks appear to be consistent with the literature. The WB requires more load than NWB. However, WB or with closed kinetic chain exercises are a different state from the addition of external load and not directly comparable. While the body weight is a load on the knees in the standing posture, the effect of the load is reduced or disappeared when the position of the body changes in sporting activities (Carr, 1997). Foch and Milner reported that WB and NWB tasks within the knee and hip joints measure JPS differently. The results of their study indicate that the tests are not interchangeable (Foch & Milner, 2013). Therefore, a task that is relevant to the activity of interest should be selected to measure JPS.
A feasibility study of brain-targeted treatment for people with painful knee osteoarthritis in tertiary care
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Anton Harms, Alberto M Heredia-Rizo, G Lorimer Moseley, Raphael Hau, Tasha R Stanton
Significant within-subject changes were observed for left-right discrimination and fear-avoidance beliefs. A fully unexpected finding was that left-right judgment accuracy improved significantly after usual care, but not during BT. Upon further scrutiny, our data showed that the participants who had the largest improvement in left/right judgment accuracy between washout and usual conservative care had received the BT intervention first. This raises the possibility that performing left/right judgment training prior to performing open and closed kinetic chain exercises in the usual care phase (i.e., that may improve joint-position awareness (Lust, Sandrey, Bulger, and Wilder, 2009) 0, might explain the observed improvements in motor imagery performance following usual care. The usual care exercises required participants to pay close attention to the knee during movement which could provide a training stimulus for cortical motor maps of the knee. Likewise, performing regular through-range exercise has been shown to improve joint proprioception (Ashton-Miller, Wojtys, Huston, and Fry-Welch, 2001) of which cortical proprioceptive maps are an important contributor. However, we were not powered to statistically investigate the impact of receiving the BT intervention first, thus these suggestions remain speculative. Contrary to the present findings, improvements in left-right judgment performance have been observed following graded motor imagery in complex regional pain syndrome (Johnson et al., 2012). The lack of compliance with BT dosage in the present study may plausibly explain these differences.
Elastofibroma presented as shoulder pain in an amateur swimmer: screening for referral in physiotherapy. A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Fabrizio Brindisino, Firas Mourad, Filippo Maselli
To strengthen the shoulder complexity and regain stability and robustness of the whole body, the patient was gradually exposed to strength exercises performed in a supervised setting. The PT initially prescribed closed-kinetic chain exercises reassuring the patient about her ability to move and to better recruit the axio-scapular muscles in a controlled manner. Exercises were progressed to more challenging open kinetic chain exercises, with the adjunct of resistance by the end of the progression. The patient showed a positive attitude and adhered to the strength program and her load-bearing ability grew as she was gradually exposed to increasing loads.