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Fundamentals of Infrared Thermal Imaging
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Infrared thermography is a non-invasive imaging technique for determining the surface temperature of an item. Thermal imaging has been utilized to assist in the diagnosis of a range of medical conditions involving the locomotor and neuromuscular systems. Thermal imaging was initially used to identify breast cancer in medicine. Thermometry is both a branch of physics dealing with temperature measurement and a science concerned with the manufacture and usage of thermometers.
The Breast
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Thermography is imaging of the surface heat in breast tissue. It has never really become well established in this country as a breast cancer detection tool. It is not as effective as mammography in finding very small lesions. Its accuracy is about 68%. It has the advantage of not exposing the population to radiation. However, it has two major drawbacks: first, very few centers have this equipment, and second, the results can be very difficult to interpret for lack of experience. Therefore, if it is to be used, it should be utilized in conjunction with mammography and physical examination, but not as a substitute for either. Therefore, it involves a substantial expense for a very small additional percentage yield in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Because thermograms detect heat, acute and chronic mastitis can be confused with carcinoma, more specifically inflammatory carcinoma. If thermography has to be used, it should not be preceded by any physical examination or mammogram examination because any manipulation of the breast tissue may result in hyperthermic reaction that may give false positive results.
Breast Health: Lifestyle Modification for Risk Reduction
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Beth Baughman DuPree, Hutchinson Jodi
Gamma imaging is also being used in dense-breasted patients, but due to radiation exposure, it is not available as a routine screening tool. Thermography has received significant interest as an alternative to mammography but has not been proven in clinical trials to have the sensitivity, specificity or biopsy directed capabilities as mammography.
The effects of cream-based Triticum vulgare with and without therapeutic ultrasound on excisional wound healing in diabetic rats
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2023
Ayşe Gölgeli Bedir, Latif Emrah Yanmaz
Thermographic examination is used to assess the healing of ulcers, wounds, and the presence of infection. As the surface area of the wound decreases, the temperature difference between the healthy skin tissue and the ulcerated area decreases [26,27]. The inflammatory reaction of the organism is accompanied by locally increased blood flow, resulting in an increase in skin temperature. Moreover, thermography allows for the objective monitoring of the inflammatory reaction [24]. A study showed that the reason why the temperature of the wound area was lower than the basic body temperature could be due to the lack of collagen deposition and a decrease in late-phase inflammatory cells and fibroblasts [28]. A previous study found that the presence of lower or decaying temperature gradients between a subject’s wound site and healthy skin tissue indicates improved wound conditions and progress toward wound healing [29]. In the current study, the closest wound temperature to body temperature in rats was observed in Group TVE + TUS. This could be related to the better healing activity of the wound. A previous study also reported the same argument [30].
Application of thermography to estimate respiratory rate in the emergency room: The journal Temperature toolbox
Published in Temperature, 2023
Alexandre Aldred, João A. S. Ribeiro, Pedro M. S. Bezerra, Ana C. M. Antunes, Alessandra C. Goulart, Ivan C. Desuó, Guilherme Gomes
We evaluated the body temperature and respiratory rate of 136 patients at admission to the ER of the University Hospital of São Paulo (HU-USP). Data collection took place during the first peak of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, from June to September 2020; a scenario that allowed us to obtain mild to serious changes in the respiratory patterns. At the patient admission and after the initial registration, the subject was invited to sit in front of the equipment for 5 minutes for thermal acclimation, it was also asked to remove the mask, glasses, and any other object that could interfere in data collection. As the collection took place in a hospital emergency department and we tried to simulate the daily routine of the screening procedure for respiratory viral syndromes, no extra effort was made to control room temperature. The thermal data was captured using a FLIR T540 Thermal Camera (minimum resolution 320X240, thermal sensitivity less than 40 mK) attached to a rod connected to a computer, where the operator had control to begin the data collection. The patient was positioned around 0.80 m from the thermal sensor and, after the thermal acclimation, a radiometric video of 30 seconds was captured at 30 fps and stored for RR and skin facial temperature analysis. No physical contact between the operator and patient occurred during thermographic collection. After data collection, we also sought to assess the incidence of COVID-19 in patients, so we used a nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR testing for COVID-19.
Experimental and numerical diagnosis of fatigue foot using convolutional neural network
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Abbas Sharifi, Mohsen Ahmadi, Mohammad Amin Mehni, Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Yaghoub Pourasad
Anbarian and Esmaeili (2016) studied foot fatigue on new-comer runners. The experiment is conducted before and after running about the mediolateral force. García-Pérez et al. (2013) studied the relationship between fatigue and foot pressure. This study experimented with the fatigue of foot in states of running on a treadmill with specific shoes. Choi and Lee (2015) studied the impact of reflexology of foot massage on fatigue, stress, and depression. They experimentally studied some women's feet in postpartum. Results show the positive effect of reflexology massage on fatigue relief. Prabhu and Verma (2019) studied diabetic foot using segmentation techniques. They used pathophysiologic, thermal, and vascular conditions of the human body. The results of the clinical experiment show that IR thermography can diagnose diseases and their treatment. Paul et al. (2018) investigated foot muscular fatigue with the use of several types of shoes. The used ANOVA analysis to detect the effects. Kashitani (2013) presented an image processing system and method to determine object position and recognizing them. There are limited approaches to predicting foot fatigue using computer methods (Liu et al. 2015). Brehler et al. (2019) provided an automated model for the segmentation of feet. They used an active shape model to analyze foot alignment. Their presented method enhanced the accuracy of Volumatic images of organs.