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Ethical Aspects in Thermal Imaging Research
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Thermal imaging is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a thermal sensor to detect heat radiations emitted by the study subject in order to determine the temperature profile of the subject’s body surface. Even if non-invasive technology such as thermal imagers are used, the experimenter/investigator of any medical study should ensure the safety of the patients and the security of their medical data. The relationship between the experimenter/doctor and the patient is one of mutual trust and respect. The investigator’s main goal is to serve humanity while maintaining the dignity of his or her profession and of man.
Thermography Report Generation
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
When the subject for a thermographic exam is referred to the clinic by another practitioner, or when the patient is being referred to another center, a formal thermographic report needs to be generated. Moreover, without a formal report, third-party reimbursement for thermal imaging may be denied. If breast thermography or other critical thermal imaging is performed, the patient should always be provided the images in a universal format for later thermal pattern comparison. People move, clinics close, and records may be lost. Thermal images may not be available for comparison in the future if the patient does not keep a copy in his or her possession.
Quality Assurance Procedures and Infrared Equipment Operation
Published in Kurt Ammer, Francis Ring, The Thermal Human Body, 2019
In the majority of clinical applications, it is useful to know how to retrieve temperature data from the image. The image itself expresses the temperature distribution of the target in two dimensions. A blackbody reference is used by the manufacturer in order to correctly set up the camera system as part of the manufacturers’ product control (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2). However, in clinical practice it is a valuable addition to a thermography service to have a constant temperature source as additional equipment. Many camera systems are expected to drift over time from the factory settings, and without the use of a reference source, the operator may be unaware of such changes in performance. An advantage of thermal imaging in medicine is that patients may be monitored over time to document any changes in a clinical condition, or in response to a course of therapy. In such cases, it is even more important to be able to be assured that changes found on the thermal image are indicating clinical or physiological change, not camera drift.
Thermal Imaging of the Ocular Surface in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Comparison between Active, Inactive and Healthy Eyes
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Tarjani Vivek Dave, Palash Patodi, Ashutosh Richhariya, Vivek Pravin Dave
Our study had its inherent limitations. The biggest limitation was the relatively lesser number of active TED eyes in comparison to the inactive TED and healthy eyes. Nevertheless, the small sample was still adequate to pick up statistically significant differences between most groups. This was a cross-sectional study on thermal imaging with readings taken at a single time point. The study was not designed to follow-up cases of active disease and assess for change in temperature recorded following treatment of active TED. In conclusion, thermal imaging in TED is an objective way of documenting surface inflammation by the surrogate marker of temperature change as captured by the thermal camera. In this study, we show a fair correlation of temperature rise with the CAS scoring and a very good sensitivity and specificity for the usage of thermal imaging to pick up active TED. While CAS is widely used for estimating the activity and in the management of thyroid eye disease, we propose the use of thermal imaging as an additional objective tool to supplement CAS in clinically evident cases. Also, thermal imaging could be especially useful in appropriately staging eyes with subtle clinical signs as well as those where signs have reduced following initiation of treatment.
Non-contact infrared assessment of human body temperature: The journal Temperature toolbox
Published in Temperature, 2021
Josh Foster, Alex Bruce Lloyd, George Havenith
Thermal imaging (as opposed to a spot measurement) is the recommended approach for the non-contact assessment of internal temperature [ISO13154, 13, 14]. The main reason this approach is preferred over a spot measurement is the ease in which the inner canthus temperature can be assessed (see above section on “measurement site”). Accurately determining inner canthus temperature using a spot device is problematic due to the requirement to be in very close proximity to the test subject to avoid issues with spot-distance ratios (see above section on “spot distance ratio”). Using a thermograph, the inner canthus can be measured relatively easily but should meet the resolution requirements set forth in the ISO standard [13] and noted above. The financial implications of using a suitable thermal imaging camera are significant to most organizations, hence why spot measurements are often utilized for mass screening. If a spot measurement is to be used, the center of the forehead is the most suitable measurement site.
COVID-19 and thermoregulation-related problems: Practical recommendations
Published in Temperature, 2021
Hein Daanen, Stephan Bose-O’Reilly, Matt Brearley, D. Andreas Flouris, Nicola M. Gerrett, Maud Huynen, Hunter M. Jones, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Nathan Morris, Ian Norton, Lars Nybo, Elspeth Oppermann, Joy Shumake-Guillemot, Peter Van den Hazel
Fever is defined as a body core temperature exceeding 38°C. Fever screening is used extensively worldwide. It should be quick and reliable. The latter, however, is not the case and this is a major problem. A recent review of mass screening for fever showed the ineffectiveness of fever screening although some authors reported concomitant positive effects like discouraging travel of ill persons [66]. The temperature measuring devices used to measure the body temperature of travelers are electronic handheld or fixed/stationary non-contact thermometers, and ear or oral thermometers. These systems may be as much as 1–2°C higher or lower than actual body temperature [65,67,68]. Thermal imaging has emerged as an option for mass fever screening as it is quick and can be conducted on mass; however, there is a distinct lack of evidence regarding efficacy. The alternatives, such as rectal thermometers are less suited for mass screening but show excellent agreement with the gold standard – pulmonary artery catheters [65].