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Use of Microcomputed Tomography and Image Processing Tools in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Yogini S. Jaiswal, Yanling Xue, Tiqiao Xiao, Leonard L. Williams
Micro-computed tomography can be realized either with synchrotron radiation or on X-ray tube. The beamline of X-ray imaging and biomedical applications (BL13W1) at SSRF is one of the typical instruments used for micro-computed tomography based on synchrotron radiation (Xie et al., 2015). The light source is a hybrid-type wiggler of eight periods in periodic length of 14 cm. The maximum K-value is 24.8 at minimum gap (17 mm) of the wiggler magnet. Energy range of the synchrotron radiation is 8–72.5 keV, corresponding to the gaps from 17 mm to 35 mm. A white beam slit is placed at 20 m away from the source point. The maximum aperture is 30 mm × 4 mm. The maximal beam size is 45 mm (H) × 5 mm (V) @32m@20 keV.
Behavioral Prediction of Cancer Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Cancer, or tumors, for the past several decades have been the bane of the medical industry. Cancers are named according to the specific part of the body where they originate and the cell type of which they are made. Cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death in the world, putting the lives of millions of people in question every year. Any sort of mutation to cells or DNA is the primary cause for cancer, which poses a complex problem for medical professionals who wish to examine and treat the unforeseen and unwanted origin of cancer. The biomedical and bio-informatics field has seen remarkable and continuous evolution in the process of prognosis, diagnosis, and overall research of the different types of cancer in the past few decades. To this day, new and improved imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scan, micro-computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are being developed to ease this process and make sure that numerous lives can be saved from the verge of death. The emergence of new technology has facilitated the process of research and implementation of such techniques by trained professionals, due to copious amounts of data being analyzed, collected, and made available to the entire biomedical and bio-informatics community for further research and understanding.
Effects of Thermal Cycling on Surface Hardness, Diametral Tensile Strength and Porosity of an Organically Modified Ceramic (ORMOCER)-Based Visible Light Cure Dental Restorative Resin
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
A micro Computed Tomography (MicroCT) system (μCT 40, ScancoMedical, Bassersdorf, Switzerland) was used to non-destuctively image and quantifies the 3D microstructural morphology of each sample. The samples were scanned using with 45 [KeV] energy, 177 [μA] intensity, and 12 μm slice thickness. 2D images reconstructed using the Isotropic slice data generated by the system were used for the qualitative analysis and to get the 3D images. Porosity (%) and total pore volume were calculated using the equations: where, Tv is the total volume and Bv is the bone volume (volume excluding the pores).
Enhancing osteogenic potential of hDPSCs by resveratrol through reducing oxidative stress via the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Jingying Zhang, Rui Li, Kenny Man, Xuebin B. Yang
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis was performed as described previously (Zhang et al. 2019). Briefly, the images were obtained via ex vivo micro-CT systems (Skyscanner 1174; Skyscan, Aartselaar, Belgium). Each sample was placed in a sample holder with the sagittal suture oriented parallel to the image plane and scanned in the air using the aluminium filer (0.25 mm), isotropic voxels (13 μm), 1000 ms integration time and one frame average. The scanner was equipped with an 80 kV, 500 μA X-ray tube, and a-36.9 megapixel Calibrate Centre offset coupled to a scintillator. For three-dimensional reconstruction (NRecon software, Skyscanner, Edinburgh, UK), the greyscale was set from 50 to 140. Standard three-dimensional morphometric parameters were determined in the ROI (100 cuts; 2.5 mm circle). Representative three-dimensional images were created using CT vox software (Skyscan, Edinburgh, UK).
Analysis of enamel structure and mineral density after different bleaching protocols using micro-computed tomography
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Derya Surmelioglu, Eda Didem Yalcin, Kaan Orhan
Bleaching may cause alteration in tooth structure regardless of agents (HP or CP) and laser activation [14,15]. Morphological changes of teeth resulting from bleaching materials have been shown by several studies using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy [16,17]. Also, mineral alterations have been shown on the enamel surfaces using energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction or infra-red spectroscopy [15,18]. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) is a widely used visualizing technique for obtaining three-dimensional images of a sample, including its internal structure by X-ray attenuation. It has the advantage of being non-destructive, non-invasive [19]. Micro-CT permits to the corrected measuring of X-ray attenuation factor within objects liable for X-ray image contrast [20] and research of fields that are difficult to examine.
Recoverable impacts of ocean acidification on the tubeworm, Hydroides elegans: implication for biofouling in future coastal oceans
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Yuan Meng, Chaoyi Li, Hangkong Li, Kaimin Shih, Chong He, Haimin Yao, V. Thiyagarajan
A micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning system (SkyScan 1076, Skyscan, Belgium) with a 3 × 10−6 cubic mm voxel size and a spatial resolution of 15 μm was used to obtain the spatial 3-D topography images and density heat map (Li et al. 2014). About two to four tubes per replicate (CC, CT, TC and TT) in falcon tubes were stabilized and transferred into the micro-CT chamber for X-ray scanning. Tube density data was acquired by relative comparison with two imaging phantoms using an established universal scanning signal threshold. Shell densities were calculated by relative comparison using standardized phantoms for bone density measurements in the analytical software CT-Analyser v 1.14.4.1 (SkyScan; Kontich, Belgium) (Celenk and Celenk 2012). Images (89–322 per sample) were acquired to obtain a 3-D model (SkyScan) that was reconstructed using CTvol software (v 2.2.1.0). CTvol can be used to generate 3-D models with longitudinal inner sections by using the top-cut function, and the colors indicate changes in the density distribution.