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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Following lymphography many patients cough up a few oil droplets, and may also taste it. One always tries to keep the amount of Lipiodol injected as low as possible. 40 to 60% reaches the lungs by 24 hours, as shown by transient miliary shadows on chest radiographs - and also when we tried using I131 labelled Lipiodol to treat pelvic and abdominal node metastases from melanoma, and found that most had reached the lungs at 24 hours; we then abandoned this method of treatment!
Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Methotrexate treatment may be administered on a case-by-case basis. As an adjuvant, methotrexate may be needed in the event that hCG levels continue to increase after the laparoscopic procedure to ensure systemic eradication of the trophoblast [22]. Treatment with preoperative systemic methotrexate with a subsequent surgical procedure would be a reasonable approach in the care of a patient with an abdominal pregnancy with placental implantation to the abdominal viscera and blood vessels. If the placenta is attached to vital organs, it should be left in situ for absorption or second surgery [8]. When the pregnancy was only partially removed because of deep implantation into the parenchyma of viscera, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of the feeding artery with a methotrexate lipiodol emulsion can be performed to control bleeding before or after surgery.
Effects of treatment on the abdomen and pelvis
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin or cisplatin with lipiodol directly into a branch of the hepatic artery supplying the tumour with a strong cytotoxic effect enhanced by ischaemia (30), minimizing systemic side effects. High-density lipiodol at the site of treatment is a long-term finding post-procedure indicating successful deposition. Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survive longer with TACE compared to the best supportive care (31).
Efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with sirolimus for treating Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon in infants, a retrospective study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Chuan-gao Yin, Wei-Wei Qi, Song Wang, Deng Pan, Xiao-Li Chen, Shi-Yu Li
However, embolization alone seems to be associated with a high relapse rate of KHE [16]. From 2013, the interventional therapy of KMP has no longer been limited solely to embolotherapy. The Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre began to use an emulsion comprising bleomycin, lipiodol, and dexamethasone combined with other embolizing agents to treat KMP [27–29]. This is consistent with the TACE materials used in the cases of this study. Bleomycin inhibits abnormal vascular growth in tumours by inhibiting the DNA synthesis of malformed vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, it can lead to local inflammatory responses and cause local fibrosis. Lipiodol is a super-liquefied embolizing agent that can be embolized to the capillary level. After mixing, it can prolong the destructive effect of bleomycin on vascular endothelial cells. The addition of dexamethasone to the emulsion not only inhibits the release of endogenous pyrogen caused by bleomycin but is also anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy, and it alleviates tissue edoema. In the present study, all cases were first embolized with bleomycin emulsion combined with PVA or microspheres. Subsequently, PVA/microspheres may be used for embolotherapy according to the blood supply of the lesions. In the present study, the cases were embolized an average of 1.9 times, and the time of action was longer lasting, relative to embolization alone. Embolization times can be reduced for critical cases.
Microfluidic-based fabrication and characterization of drug-loaded PLGA magnetic microspheres with tunable shell thickness
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Chunpeng He, Wenxin Zeng, Yue Su, Ruowei Sun, Yin Xiao, Bolun Zhang, Wenfang Liu, Rongrong Wang, Xun Zhang, Chuanpin Chen
Lipiodol is currently used as the contrast agent in TACE treatment because of its excellent X-ray imaging capacity (Cao et al., 2019). However, the radiation of X-ray poses a potential hazard to human health, and the lipiodol embolized into the tumor tends to diffuse among the body because of the liquid motility, which will cause severe lipiodol embolism (Xu et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2019). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has become an alternative of X-ray imaging in recent years. MRI utilizes the MR signals created during the relaxation of hydrogen proton which resonated with the radio waves under strong magnetic fields. Compared with X-ray imaging, MRI can track the location of embolic chemicals real time without the radiation hazards (Cilliers et al., 2008; Yu et al., 2009; Choi et al., 2015). Hence, MRI can be seen as a better choice than X-ray imaging.
Modified ‘sandwich’ injection with or without ligation for variceal bleeding in patients with both esophageal and gastric varices: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2020
Tingting Hu, Simon Stock, Wandong Hong, Yongping Chen
N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has been extensively used as tissue adhesive for endoscopic injection therapy [5]. In China, ‘sandwich’ injection is the most widely recommended procedure. Tissue glue and two slices of ‘bread’ which are usually made of lipiodol, hypertonic glucose or saline, the ‘sandwiches’ made of these three kinds of bread are traditional sandwiches [6]. In the past, lipiodol was the most widely used material. However, tissue adhesive may bring serious complications, among which ectopic embolism can be fatal [7,8]. It has been suggested by several studies that the large volume of tissue adhesive and delayed coagulation with lipiodol are associated with the occurrence of those complications [7,9–11]. Therefore, several researchers created modified ‘sandwich’ injection by using the lauromacrogol to replace lipiodol. Studies showed that the modified ‘sandwich’ injection could achieve better efficacy, safety and reduce the dosage of cyanoacrylate compared to traditional ‘sandwich’ [12,13]. This is probably due to the fact that a small dose of lauromacrogol produces sclerosis on residual small varices and submucosal fibrosis simultaneously. In addition, lauromacrogol is easier to inject because of its low density [2]. As we know, regardless of GOV1 or GOV2, the direction of blood flow is from the stomach to the esophagus [14]. During the endoscopic treatment for GV, we observed improvement in EV. Therefore, we were concerned as to whether thetreatment for GV alone is sufficient. Until now, there have been few studies on this topic.