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Introduction
Published in Shoogo Ueno, Bioimaging, 2020
Molecular imaging is a type of biomedical imaging that visualizes cellular functions or molecular processes inside the body. Probes used for molecular imaging are targeted to biomarkers for specific visualization of targets or pathways. Many kinds of modalities have been employed for non-invasive molecular imaging. Among the many modalities, optical imaging is promising. Optical imaging is based on fluorescence emission from fluorophores that are targeted to, or accumulated by, cancer cells, or activated by molecular targets that are overexpressed in cancer. Fluorescence imaging of malignant and premalignant lesions can be used as a guide for diagnostic biopsy or intraoperatively to aid accurate surgical resection. Urano and his group are leading in the field of optical fluorescence imaging for cancer detection, and in his laboratory, unique probes and cancer detections have been developed, for example, the results include rapid cancer detection by topically spraying a fluorescent probe, and activatable probes which offer particular advantages in terms of providing a cancer-specific signal with high sensitivity and a high tumor-to-background signal ratio (Urano et al., 2005, 2009, 2011, Kamiya et al., 2007, 2011).
Designing Smart Nanotherapeutics
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
A. Joseph Nathanael, Tae Hwan Oh, Vignesh Kumaravel
Cancer diagnosis usually begins with the exposure of symptoms that related to the disease. Most of the initial symptoms are nested with other common health issues in daily life and hence can be easily ignored. The ultimate reason of low survival rates from cancer is the late stage discovery and diagnosis. Even when the symptoms are detected, there are several limitations (e.g., size of tumour and inadequate imaging period) in the traditional biomedical imaging methods such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Jain 1987, Talekar et al. 2011). Cancer diagnosis requires more information to outline the precise treatment for the patient. However, the questions answered about a tumour are limited due to the inadequate availability of the samples for testing. In order to overcome these limitations, it is important to develop more reliable and effective diagnostic methods. Medical research on improving cancer treatments has been prioritized in recent years, but concrete explanations on how best to diagnose the disease are still evolving. Precise diagnosis and staging of the cancer are vital for the treatment plan.
Cardiovascular Health Informatics Computing Powered by Unobtrusive Sensing Computing, Medical Image Computing, and Information Fusion Analysis
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Chengjin Yu, Xiuquan Du, Yanping Zhang, Heye Zhang
Developing high resolution biomedical imaging is crucial for early prevention of CVD. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of acute cardiovascular disease [60]. The development of atherosclerosis will lead to unstable atherosclerotic plaques or vulnerable plaque, which is characterized as active inflammation, a thin fibrous cap with a large lipid core, erosion or fissure of the plaque surface, intra-plaque hemorrhage, and superficial calcified nodules [60][61]. Vulnerable plaque will narrow blood vessels or even occlude the vessel, resulting in the block of blood flow to vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. If the treatment of atherosclerosis is delayed, subsequently the rupture of vulnerable plaque will cause acute coronary death or stroke [60]. In addition, other kinds of cardiac diseases, such as myocarditis, electrophysiological disorders, valvular heart disease, and other cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive) are often related to vulnerable myocardium, and vulnerable plaques, which have a high likelihood of thrombotic complications and rapid progression, and so should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible [25][10].
Tumor-targeted Gd-doped mesoporous Fe3O4 nanoparticles for T1/T2 MR imaging guided synergistic cancer therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Shaohui Zheng, Shang Jin, Min Jiao, Wenjun Wang, Xiaoyu Zhou, Jie Xu, Yong Wang, Peipei Dou, Zhen Jin, Changyu Wu, Jingjing Li, Xinting Ge, Kai Xu
Among these versatile functions, medical imaging occupies the primary role in precise cancer diagnosis, which is also able to guide the cancer treatment process (Kijima et al., 2014). Up to date, various imaging methods have been developed for biomedical imaging, including fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography imaging (CT), position emission tomography (PET), photoacoustic imaging (PA), etc. (Cuevas & Shibata, 2009; Berges et al., 2010; Fan et al., 2014; Tempany et al., 2015). Among the various medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very powerful and noninvasive imaging tool to provide high 3D spatially resolved images with the information on the anatomy, function and metabolism of tissues in vivo (Fernando et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2013). Normally, MR imaging is performed in T1 or T2 mode based on the T1-weighted contrast agents (CAs) or T2-weighted CAs, respectively, to improve the sensitivity of MR imaging. However, each contrast agent possesses its own merits and limitations in MR imaging applications (Czeyda-Pommersheim et al., 2017).
Hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial – a gift that keeps on giving
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Behrad Ghiasi, Yahya Sefidbakht, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Behnaz Gharehcheloo, Mehrnoush Mehrarya, Arash Khodadadi, Maryam Rezaei, Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat, Vuk Uskoković
Biomedical imaging constitutes a series a techniques for capturing visual representations of regions inside the human body to identify medical problems and monitor the treatment process. Advancing the imaging approaches including computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, radio imaging, ultrasound and others (Table 4) can lead to visualization of multidimensional data [231], which is considered a revolution in medical imaging. This approach facilitates the study of biological phenomena, such as the migration of molecules through membranes or detectable changes in cellular signaling [232,233]. In comparison with other techniques, fluorescence imaging has enormous advantages due to its high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, and safety [234].
Novel formulations of metal-organic frameworks for controlled drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Congying Rao, Donghui Liao, Ying Pan, Yuyu Zhong, Wenfeng Zhang, Qin Ouyang, Alireza Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Jianqiang Liu
The development and maturity of biomedical imaging technology have provided great convenience for diagnosing various diseases. Multifunctional drug carriers that satisfy imaging and drug delivery have become an essential new direction in cancer treatment. Imaging agents can generate signals in target tissues or enhance signal contrast, which can be used as a diagnostic tool. Since Lin and coworkers first reported the design of MOFs as potential multimodal contrast enhancing agents for biomedical imaging in 2006 [23], an increasing number of studies have used them as imaging agents for OI, MRI, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) [20,23,142–148].