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Pulmonary – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
By definition, airflow limitation is defined by an abnormal expiratory spirogram (Figure 2.1). Spirometry shows a reduction in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) compared to predicted values and a reduced ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC). Normal ranges of FEV, FVC and FEV1/FVC are derived from population-based surveys. Spirometric values are directly related to height and are greater for a given height in males vs females and Caucasians vs non-Caucasians. Values peak in males at the age of 25 and females at 18. Equations to calculate predicted spirometric values based on age, gender, height and ethnicity are available. A great advantage of using the FEV1 as the primary means of identifying airflow limitation is that the measurement is simple and, to a large extent, effort independent. These factors mean that measurement of FEV1 is repeatable within patients. Studies have shown that the 95% range for repeat measures is around 120 mL. This value is independent of the absolute FEV1.
Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published in Theo Kofidis, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, 2021
Routine screening of TAVI patient includes carotid Doppler and pulmonary function tests. The presence of significant stenosis or a flow-limiting lesion on carotid Doppler may predict higher risks of stroke. Severe abnormalities on the spirometry test may impact treatment choices. Extreme severity of lung abnormalities may preclude TAVI if longevity is limited.
Common Office Tests and Procedures for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Spirometry is a basic pulmonary function test which measures the volume of air inspired or expired as a function of time. It allows easy and direct measurement of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio. Spirometry cannot, however, measure lung volumes. Thus, information about FRC and lung volumes computed from FRC, such as total lung capacity and residual volume, require body plethysmography or gas dilution. The youngest age to perform spirometry with reproducible results varies between 5 and 7 years.
The safety and sustainability of bottle-pep therapy in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Büşra Nur Fındık, Özge Kenis- Coskun, Evrim Karadağ-Saygı, Yasemin Gökdemir, Almala Pınar Ergenekon, Bülent Karadağ
Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are objective tests used to diagnose, manage and monitor patients with a variety of respiratory diseases. Spirometry is a kind of pulmonary function test that measures the rate of changing lung volumes during forced breathing maneuvers. At the current study pulmonary function tests were performed using a spirometer (WinspiroPRO 2.8 MIR, Rome, Italy) by the same technician at the pediatric pulmonology clinic in accordance with international standards (Graham et al., 2019). Patients were seated in an upright position and a nose clip was applied. The test was performed by blowing into the reader part of the spirometer with a forced expiration maneuver after a deeply inspiration. The test was repeated at least three times and three acceptable spirometry values were obtained. The largest FEV1, FVC values and their ratio (FEV1/FVC) were recorded. FEF 25–75 values from the maneuver with the largest sum of FEV1 and FVC were recorded.
Correlation of digital flow peak with spirometry in children with and without asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Paula do Nascimento Maia, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo Sant’Anna, Ana Alice Amaral Ibiapina Parente, Rafaela Baroni Aurilio, Beatriz Albino Servilha Silva, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Clemax Couto Sant’Anna
The present study showed that evaluations of FEV1 using DPM can be useful for children, particularly in situations where spirometry is unfeasible. Spirometry is still an essential test capable of evaluating parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), the relationship between FEV1 and FVC (Tiffeneau index) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC. Thus, whenever possible, the results of DPM should be compared with those of spirometry, as the latter is more complete. However, the DPM can be a great device for monitoring patients at each visit and as a predictor of falls in FEV1, without the need for spirometry (4,13,14). The measurement of PEF is already recommended by GINA; it can be used for the early identification of chronic obstructive disease (21).
Lung function abnormalities in patients with sickle cell disease in a Nigerian tertiary health centre
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2022
A.O. Odeyemi, K.J. Olufemi-Aworinde, A.O. Odeyemi, O.O. Oni, Y.T. Olasinde, J.O. Akande
Lung function abnormalities have been observed to occur frequently in a significant proportion of patients with SCD even while at their steady states [13]. The prevalence of these pulmonary dysfunction varies [14–16]. Abnormalities in pulmonary function have been suggested to be the first sign in people with sickle cell chronic lung disease (SCCLD) and early detection of these abnormalities through screening may be associated with a reduction in the mortality associated with this condition [17]. Spirometry is a relatively simple and inexpensive pulmonary function test that is readily available and it has a fairly high sensitivity in detecting lung function abnormalities. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the prevalence and type of lung function abnormalities using spirometry and its associated factors in SCD patients seen at the Hematology clinic of a Nigerian tertiary hospital compared with healthy non-SCD controls.