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An overweight patient with epigastric pain
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
Patients often have rapid shallow breathing. This may be due to shock, however diaphragmatic irritation can produce the same finding. Jaundice may indicate that the pancreatitis has been caused by common bile duct stones, or may reflect oedema of the head of the pancreas. Retroperitoneal bleeding can result in flank (Grey-Turner’s sign) or periumbilical bruising (Cullen’s sign).
Transformation of human traits and being
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
A study on long-term meditators (9,000 average lifetime hours of practice) found that comparing each to a non-meditator of the same age and sex, the meditators were breathing an average 1.6 breaths more slowly (Wielgosz et al., 2016). Science has long known that people with anxiety disorders and chronic pain breathe more quickly and less regularly than those without. And if you are already breathing fast, you are more likely to trigger a freeze-fight-or-flight reaction when faced with something stressful. This is highly relevant to the parent-infant/child relationship as some modern parents experience having a child as a stressful event. While chronic rapid shallow breathing reflects ongoing anxiety, a lower breath rate indicates reduced autonomic activity (thus better vagal tone), better emotional regulation, better mood and good health (Porges, 2011). These are physiological cues benefitting parent’s sensitivity, parent-infant co-regulation and caregiving behaviour.
Maximizing training
Published in Richard J. Butler, Sports Psychology in Action, 2020
Recovery between sessions can be helped by relaxation (see also Chapter 11), massage, swimming, sauna or a spa. Sleep is a more obvious choice but many athletes find difficulty in getting off to sleep. A favoured way of inducing sleep is to: Concentrate on feeling heavy. So heavy that the muscles feel like dropping through the bed (this relaxes the muscles).Develop a shallow breathing pattern.Imagine a small coloured (blue) dot against a background of contrasting colour (green). Picture the small dot very slowly and gradually expanding in size until it consumes the total visual field. (Usually sleep occurs before the background is fully covered.)
Asthma and the outcome of sickle cell disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2018
Alan Lunt, Sarah S. Sturrock, Anne Greenough
Episodes of ACS are frequently temporally related to infarcts of the ribcage [37]. Subsequent restriction of chest wall motion and alterations in breathing pattern due to the pain and discomfort result in atelectasis and hypoventilation which contribute to the development ACS [38–40]. A study of breathing patterns adopted by SCD patients with both thoracic and non-thoracic pain found that rapid shallow breathing is a feature of patients with thoracic bone pain [41]. In SCD children admitted to hospital with acute back and/or chest pain, incentive spirometry has been used to improve ventilation and significantly reduced the incidence of acute pulmonary complications during the period of admission [42]. The use of opiates for analgesia during painful crisis has also been linked to hypoventilation and development of ACS [43].
Motor control exercises of the lumbar-pelvic region improve respiratory function in obese men. A pilot study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Emanuela Bezzoli, Dianne Andreotti, Lucia Pianta, Martina Mascheroni, Lorena Piccinno, Luca Puricelli, Veronica Cimolin, Alberto Salvadori, Franco Codecasa, Paolo Capodaglio
Obesity has an effect on disability and quality of life.[1] Central adiposity, seen in obese men, has a direct impact on mortality [2–6] and shows significant inverse relations with lung function.[7] Even in the absence of specific respiratory disease, decreased pulmonary function has been shown to be present.[8–10] Obese subjects demonstrate a heightened demand for ventilation, an elevated breathing workload, respiratory muscle inefficiency, and diminished respiratory compliance due to mechanical factors such as the increased weight on the chest wall and abdomen and changes in lung compliance.[8] During normal breathing, they tend to have a rapid and shallow breathing pattern due to an elevated oxygen consumption. This worsens if the respiratory rate rises causing also an increase in the relative dead space and making the work of breathing even less economical.[11,12] Respiratory inefficiency in obese subjects is often thought to originate from muscle weakness with International Guidelines suggesting muscle strengthening to improve efficiency.[13,14]
Respiratory muscle function and exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2018
Noppawan Charususin, Sauwaluk Dacha, Rik Gosselink, Marc Decramer, Andreas Von Leupoldt, Thomas Reijnders, Zafeiris Louvaris, Daniel Langer
DH brings end inspiratory lung volume during exercise close to total lung capacity and reduces inspiratory reserve volume. Consequently, patients develop a rapid and shallow breathing pattern. Impairments in dynamic respiratory muscle function might further exacerbate the rapid and shallow breathing of these patients during exercise by promoting further restriction of tidal volume (VT) expansion [38]. In addition, the relative contribution to chest wall motion of the rib cage and neck muscles in comparison to the diaphragm in COPD patients is increased [39]. With increasing lung hyperinflation in COPD patients, the inspiratory muscles of rib cage and accessory respiratory muscles are increasingly recruited even at relatively low work rates [40]. These alterations in breathing pattern and respiratory muscle recruitment should be taken into consideration when implementing therapeutic strategies aimed at improving respiratory muscle function [41].