China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
The heart is the second largest organ in the thoracic cavity. Most of the heart is surrounded by the lungs, which reduce the considerable heat generated by the heart from reaching the chest wall except at the precordial area. Unfortunately, thermography cannot estimate the functional state of a myocardium and pulmonary circulation due to the considerable ambiguity and variability in the interpretation of findings.161 Other cardiopulmonary conditions can be detected thermographically, however. Inflammatory pericarditis may be detectable as a warm zone over the precordial area near the sternal border.162 Angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarct may produce cool areas over the zone of pain. This reduced temperature is likely due to a local sympathetic outburst which causes both sympathetic vasoconstriction and sympathetic cholinergic eccrine sweat production.
Thoracic Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
When a penetrating chest injury creates a direct communication between the thoracic cavity and the external environment, an open pneumothorax will result. This communication between the thoracic cavity and atmospheric air may lead to preferential influx of air through the chest wall defect as the path of least resistance. Although most penetrating injuries will seal off, larger defects may remain open, with immediate equilibration between atmospheric and intrathoracic pressures. This causes rapid collapse of the lung on the affected side and potentially the inability to adequately ventilate the uninjured lung. The ipsilateral clinical signs are those of a pneumothorax: Absent or reduced breath soundsResonant percussion noteDecreased expansionPhysical evidence of a penetrating chest wall injury The immediate treatment consists of cleaning and coverage of the defect with either a chest seal or alternatively, and better, with careful and continuous monitoring, an occlusive sterile dressing. A tube thoracostomy should be placed away from the open wound in the conventional position which can then be formally closed after surgical debridement.
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The thorax, thoracic spine and ribs create the thoracic cavity. At the base of this cavity is the thoracic diaphragm, a muscular dome that draws air into the lungs during breathing. On top of this cavity is the cervical fascia that forms the lid of the thoracic cavity. Rhythmic motion of the thoracic cavity created by movement and breathing pumps fluid around the body and back to the venous circulation.
Metformin ameliorates ferroptosis in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion by reducing NOX4 expression via promoting AMPKα
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhenhua Wu, Yunpeng Bai, Yujuan Qi, Chao Chang, Yan Jiao, Yaobang Bai, Zhigang Guo
A cardiac I/R rat model was constructed according to the following procedure: rats were deeply anesthetized by inhalation of 5% isoflurane and then maintained by inhalation of 2% isoflurane (Denorme et al. 2020). After intubation, the rodent respirator (Yuyan Scientific Instrument, Shanghai, China) was utilized for the ventilation of rats. The skin on the chest of rats was exposed and sterilized. The thoracic cavity was opened at the fourth intercostal space. We then applied a 6-0 silk suture to ligate the left anterior descending coronary artery of the rats for 30 min at about 2 mm distal to the original of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 30 min ischemic treatment, the slipknot was released to perfuse the heart for 24 h (Shi and Hou 2021). The elevated ST segment on the electrocardiogram indicated a successful establishment of the cardiac I/R rat model. Rats without the ST segment elevation were excluded from this research.
Adipose tissue provides a cushioning effect in low-energy isolated blunt thoracic trauma: a prospective observational study
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Talha Dogruyol, Sinem Dogruyol
In the literature, a high BMI and/or adiposity is generally related to a poor prognosis in patients with trauma [3,10]. However, during the trauma, the effect of subcutaneous tissue may vary in different parts of the body [5]. Unlike other parts of the body, the thoracic cavity is built as a rigid cage. Therefore, the subcutaneous adipose tissue's reaction in the thoracic region to trauma would be different from in other parts of the body. This study aimed to investigate the specific effect of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SATT) on trauma-related injury (TRI) development in patients with low-energy isolated blunt thoracic trauma (LEBTT). The data acquired from SATT measurements in CT images and BMI values were examined in detail. We also aimed to determine whether these two objective data of patients have a decisive role in the acute management of LEBTT.
Ventilation and perfusion abnormalities following recovery from noncritical COVID-19
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Carmen Venegas, Christopher J.C. Marriott, Terence Ho, Kiho Son, Rameen Jamil, Meher Jamal, Melanie Kjarsgaard, Chynna Huang, Katherine Radford, Myrna B. Dolovich, Catherine E. Farrow, Troy H. Farncombe, Matthew Lubanovic, Ehsan Haider, Parameswaran Nair, Manali Mukherjee, Sarah Svenningsen
Ventilation heterogeneity was quantified as the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the V SPECT TechnegasTM counts using a previously developed adaptive threshold method14,15 and HERMES software (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden). Briefly, the CT was segmented to delineate the thoracic cavity volume. A ventilated lung region-of-interest was subsequently defined using a previously developed adaptive threshold method applied to TechnegasTM counts within the CT-defined thoracic cavity volume as previously described.14,15 For each voxel within the ventilated lung region-of-interest a local ventilated heterogeneity value was calculated by computing the CoV for the distribution of voxels within a 10 mm3 neighborhood. A single CoV value for each participant is reported as the average of the voxel-wise COVs.