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Do Exercise and Yoga Improve the Quality of Life?
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
The process included in pranayama is for the regulation of breathing, while the deep breathing techniques help in strengthening the intercostal and diaphragmatic muscles' efficiency with the provision of better ventilation in minimum energy usage. The long-standing outcome of the practice gives rise to decreased pulmonary rate and enhanced tidal volume by inhibiting residual volume. Enhanced residual volume in the respiratory tract is one of the harmful factors that have the tendency to enhance the breathing work and fatigue in healthy persons throughout physical execution. Contrary to other physical workouts, pranayama can be done regularly in the early morning after taking a bath and by maintaining a fasting state. Ultimately, the aim of pranayama is to increase the parasympathetic reaction. Performing it in a room with sunlight or by sitting outside in the sun is advised. The persons who started doing pranayama can feel the energy in their body; even on the very first day, the body feels calm and composed (Madanmohan et al., 2005; Shetty, 2016; Yadav & Das, 2001).
Exercise testing in chronic lung disease
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Oliver J. Price, Karl Sylvester, Joanna Shakespeare, Mark A. Faghy
Lung disease affects one in five people and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK (Taskforce for Lung Health, 2018). Broadly, lung diseases can be classified into obstructive (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) or restrictive disorders (e.g., interstitial lung disease [ILD]). In reality, however, patients often present with comorbidities such as asthma/COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) and/or cardiovascular disease. Specifically, obstructive lung disease is typically characterised by a reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (FEV1 / FVC) but with normal relaxed vital capacity (VC). In severe obstructive lung diseases, increases in measured residual volume (RV) are evident, as a consequence of early airway closure and gas trapping and an increase in functional residual capacity (FRC) due to dynamic hyperinflation. In contrast, restrictive lung disease is characterised by a reduction in lung volume, either due to a reduction in the ability of the lungs to expand (e.g., ILD) or the inability to generate the force required to allow sufficient lung expansion (e.g., respiratory muscle weakness) (see Maynard et al. [2020], West and Luks [2015] and Association for Respiratory Technology and Physiology [ARTP] [2020a] for a detailed overview of respiratory physiology and lung function assessment).
Pulmonary Function Testing
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Ekta Kakkar, Flavia CL Hoyte, Devasahayam J Christopher, Rohit K Katial
FRC is the volume of air in the lungs after a normal expiration. It is the point at which the forces of the chest wall, which expands outward and the lungs, which collapse inward, are at equilibrium (Hopkins et al. 2019). The Residual Volume (RV) is the amount of air in the lungs that an individual cannot physiologically expire, or the air that remains in the lung after maximal expiration. Without this RV, the lungs would collapse. RV can only be obtained from plethysmography. ERV is the additional amount of air that can be expired forcefully after a normal expiration. FRC is the sum of RV and ERV.
Residual, regrowth, and new growth of radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules of different volumes: two-year follow-up results
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Meng-Hsiang Chen, Wei-Che Lin, Sheng-Dean Luo, Pi-Ling Chiang, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Wei-Chih Chen, An-Ni Lin, Cheng-Kang Wang, Jung-Hwan Baek, Hsiu-Ling Chen
In terms of residual vital volume increase, a previous study has reported that it may be an early sign of regrowth, based on the 57.4% residual volume increase contributing to an overall regrowth of 24.1% [34]. The residual vital volume increase in this study was 4.58%, while the overall regrowth reached 3.92% with a mean timing of regrowth of 16.71 months. These results could support the notion that the residual vital volume increase could be an early sign of regrowth, together with factors including baseline nodular volume, vascularity, delivered energy, and the number of ablation sessions [23]. Furthermore, the residual vital ratio could be an independent factor and an early quantitative predictor for BTN regrowth after RFA [35], further impacting the VRR results. Other factors affecting VRR, including energy per mL in nodular volume, blocking of peripheral flow, initial nodule volume and margin have been reported in other minimally invasive thermal ablation procedures [36]. These factors exhibited only minor effects in this study, which achieved a nearly complete initial ablation rate, as the VRR reached over 80% regardless of the initial BTN volume. It may thus be concluded that the initial ablation rate could compensate for the effects of the poor VRR predictive factors, at least with regards to the initial BTN volume.
Rapid resolution of refractory hypoxemia and vascular spiders following liver transplantation
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Allison Love, Rachel Jen, Lindsay Van Tongeren, C. Francis Ryan
A 65-year-old man was admitted for assessment for possible lung transplantation to manage severe refractory hypoxemia, platypnea and orthodeoxia, suspected to be due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). He had a previous diagnosis of mild unclassifiable interstitial lung disease based on findings on chest CT imaging and review at multidisciplinary interstitial lung disease rounds. He also had mild centrilobular and paraseptal emphysema. He had a 45-pack-year smoking history prior to quitting 10 years previously. Pulmonary function testing showed forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.54 L (112% predicted), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 4.10 L (104% predicted), post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC 0.74 with no significant bronchodilator response, and normal flow-volume loop. Lung volumes were normal with total lung capacity of 105% predicted and residual volume of 102% predicted. Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 64% predicted.
Antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and preclinical in vitro models to support optimized treatment approaches for uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2021
Iain J. Abbott, Jason A. Roberts, Joseph Meletiadis, Anton Y. Peleg
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a Japanese research group used a multicompartment dilution model of a ‘complicated’ bladder infection (Figure 4(e)) [264,265]. This design incorporated intermittent bladder voiding every 2 h during the day and a 10 h ‘night phase’ without voiding. A relatively large post-void residual volume (10 mL) remained after each void. The activity of levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis was investigated. Their model ran at 0.5 mL/min with Antibiotic Medium #3. In other iterations, glass beads were included within the bladder compartment to assess activity against biofilms (ofloxacin against E. coli; clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones against P. aeruginosa; clarithromycin against methicillin-resistant S. aureus) [266–269].