China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Detection of Nodule and Lung Segmentation Using Local Gabor XOR Pattern in CT Images
Published in Rohit Raja, Sandeep Kumar, Shilpa Rani, K. Ramya Laxmi, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 2D/3D Medical Image Processing, 2020
Laxmikant Tiwari, Rohit Raja, Vineet Awasthi, Rohit Miri
Smoking is the biggest reason of Lung cancer as well as skin cancer also and there could be a probability of ovarian cancer as well. doc check with that probability fly terms consisting of pack-years containing grievous historical past (the number going from packs containing cigs dried daily elevated by means of startling number epithetical senescence smoked). for instance, anyone the one in question seems to have cured double packs consisting of cigs weekly in pursuance of spectacular senescence does have that 20 pack-year far-reaching historical past. Every year the cases of lung cancer are increasing and even this year’s 10-pack-year deep background, those upon 30-pack-year backgrounds approximately extra had been regarded as up to have sensational greatest danger in the direction of powerful pattern going from skin cancer. Between those that fact smog team approximately further packs in reference to cigs every day, one heptad passion end in reference to colon cancer [16].
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Up to 5% of patients with head and neck cancer have no detectable primary lesion – that is they present with metastatic disease usually in the neck. Usually painless, an enlarging lateral neck mass is usually otherwise asymptomatic.A full smoking history with pack-years is useful in the context of risk stratification, prognosis and inclusion criteria for clinical trials.
Lung cancer and mesothelioma
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
The majority of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to the exposure of the bronchial epithelium to inhaled carcinogens. There is a strong causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer, with 90% of cases attributable to the use of tobacco in males and 80% in females. The bronchial tree and alveoli are directly exposed to the inhaled smoke and it is the hydrocarbon carcinogens such as benzopyrene liberated by the combustion of tar that are responsible, rather than nicotine. These lead to metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium from a columnar pattern to a squamous one, eventually leading to dysplasia and carcinoma. The risk of developing lung cancer is related to the duration and intensity of smoking, increasing with the rise in the number of cigarettes or weight of tobacco smoked per day, increasing tar content, shorter cigarette stubs and use of non-filter brands. The tumours tend to be found adjacent to the larger airways of the lung comprising mainly squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Evidence suggests that passive smoking leads to an increased risk of lung cancer. The lung cancer risk declines towards that of non-smokers after 10–20 years of abstinence, although there is a persistent risk in those who have smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Smoking intake can be described in pack years, this is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked (one pack = 20 cigarettes).
Detecting asthma exacerbations using daily home monitoring and machine learning
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
Olivier Zhang, Leandro L. Minku, Sherif Gonem
We utilized a large dataset of daily PEF and symptom scores which were recorded by participants in the SAKURA study (NCT00839800), an international multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing budesonide/formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy versus budesonide/formoterol maintenance plus terbutaline as reliever, in patients age ≥ 16 years with persistent asthma (10). Eligibility criteria included a documented history of persistent asthma for at least 6 months, reversible airway obstruction (increase in forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] of at least 12% relative to baseline with administration of a bronchodilator), use of maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for at least 3 months before study entry, and having at least one asthma exacerbation in the 12 months prior to study entry. Current or previous smokers with a smoking history of ≥ 10 pack years were excluded. The study population had a mean age of 46 years with 68% being female. The mean beclometasone dipropionate equivalent ICS dose at study entry was 1023 µg/day, and 62% of patients were using long-acting β2 agonists at study entry. The mean baseline FEV1 was 70% predicted, with mean reversibility following administration of a bronchodilator of 23%.
Impact of capsaicin concentration evoking coughs on clinical variables in patients with asthma
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2021
Kyung-Hun Park, Byeong-Gon Kim, Preun-Haneul Lee, Jisu Hong, Junehyuck Lee, Sung-Woo Park, Do-Jin Kim, An-Soo Jang
Chronic cough is defined as a cough of more than 8 weeks duration.11 Diagnosis of bronchial asthma was based on the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines.12 All subjects had a clinical diagnosis of asthma that was supported by one or more of the following criteria: (1) variability in the maximum diurnal peak expiratory flow of more than 20% over the course of 14 days, (2) an increase in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of more than 15% following inhalation of 200–400 μg albuterol, or (3) a 20% reduction in the FEV1 in response to a provocative concentration of inhaled methacholine (PC20 methacholine) of less than 10 mg mL−1. All subjects underwent standardized assessments, which included a complete blood cell count with differential counts, measurement of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, chest posteroanterior radiography, allergy skin prick test, and spirometry. All data were collected at the time of diagnosis, before administration of asthma medication. The pack-year is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked. Exclusion criteria included respiratory infection during inclusion, vocal cord dysfunction, obstructive sleep apnea, Churg–Strauss syndrome, cardiac dysfunction, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University.
Cigarette smoking and risk of Behcet’s disease: a propensity score matching analysis
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2019
Aida Malek Mahdavi, Alireza Khabbazi, Barmak Yaaghoobian, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Ramin Agamohammadi, Atefeh Kheyrollahiyan, Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
Detailed demographic and clinical information were collected by interview and questionnaire. Smoking status was self-reported based on the following questions: (1) Have you ever smoked cigarettes? and (2) Do you smoke cigarettes now? Those individuals who reported smoking were asked to report the total number of years smoked, and how many cigarettes and packs of cigarettes they smoked per day. They were then classified into the following groups based on their responses to the questions: individual who had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life time before the first symptom of BD were classified as smokers; those who had never smoked or smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime were categorized as never smokers; individuals who indicated they had smoked and were currently smoking were classified as current smokers; and those who reported smoking but did not smoke at the time of data collection were classified as past smokers. Current and past smokers were classified together as ever smokers for the purposes of this analysis. In case of smokers, smoking duration based on years and the number of smoked cigarettes per day were recorded. Pack-years were calculated as number of packs smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked. BD activity at the time of disease diagnosis and in the last visit was evaluated by Iranian Behcet’s Disease Dynamic Activity Measure (IBDDAM) and Total Inflammatory Activity Index (TIAI) [20, 21]. IBDDAM measures BD activity in all organs except eyes and TIAI measures BD activity in eyes (20).