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Occupational respiratory diseases
Published in Louis-Philippe Boulet, Applied Respiratory Pathophysiology, 2017
Louis-Philippe Boulet, Marc Desmeules
The inhalation of organic dust can cause a febrile syndrome with chills, malaise, myalgia, headache, cough, and dyspnea [36–38]. This syndrome is usually called mycotoxicosis or organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). It constitutes the most frequent problem caused by inhalation of organic dust in the agricultural world. These particles come from hay or cereals contaminated by mushrooms and actinomycetes, wood particles, and can be found, for example, in confined environments in the pork industry. Inhalation of dust is generally massive being about 10 times higher than what could be causing an extrinsic allergic alveolitis [39]. We generally observe fever, lleucocytosis, and sometimes, on chest auscultation, crackling rales or wheezing. Pulmonary radiograph is generally normal. During its acute phase, lung function tests can show restrictive abnormalities. The BAL can show an increase in neutrophils and large quantities of fungal spores. The evolution usually results in a spontaneous recovery without sequelae.
Rural diseases
Published in Jim Cox, Iain Mungall, Rural Healthcare, 2017
Farmers are often exposed to dust, which may contain grain dust, bacteria and metabolites, fungi and metabolites, endotoxins and mites. Two syndromes have been described: allergic alveolitis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). These two illnesses may represent parts of a spectrum of response to complex organic dusts and not distinct clinical entities.
Biochemical changes among municipal solid waste sorting workers: implications for personal protective equipment availability and use
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Ahmed Wassiem, Gehan Raafat Zaki, Fahmy Charl, Ragaa El-Gazzar
The most frequent self-reported clinical complaints in the 3 months prior to the study were related to the respiratory system and were consistent with symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome [35]. Similar symptoms were reported by MSWWs in Alexandria, albeit with a higher frequency [5]. Joint pain was reported by approximately one-third of the workers, and was not related to increased body mass index or age that can lead to osteoarthritis, but to lack of safety shoes. In the majority of cases, the pain type was intermittent and increased with movement, suggesting an ergonomic nature. In a similar study conducted in Alexandria, musculoskeletal complaints were common, although lower than those reported in the present study, probably because that study evaluated workers involved in different solid waste management activities [5].
Pollution characteristics and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of fungal bioaerosol in different processing units of waste paper and cardboard recycling factory
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Armin Sorooshian, Mahdieh Delikhoon, Ramin Nabizadeh, Shahrokh Nazmara, Rounak Bakhtiari
Exposure to solid waste can result in diseases such as upper respiratory tract and skin infections, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, impaired lung function, cough, fever, and sore throat in waste sorting workers, workers at landfills, compost handlers, municipal solid waste workers, and garbage-handling plant workers (Malmros and Petersen 1988, Sigsgaard et al.1990a, Sigsgaard et al.1990b, Malmros et al.1992, Gladding and Coggins 1997, Bünger et al.2000, Burkowska et al.2011, Athanasiou et al.2010, Dehghani et al.2018b, Yen et al.2019, Baghani et al.2020). Evidence also suggests that frequent exposure to fungal spores leads to development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, reduced lung function, severe asthma, organic dust toxic syndrome, airway inflammation, and respiratory disorders (Malmros et al.1992, Hansen et al.1997, Grisoli et al.2009, Madsen et al.2009, Rostami et al.2009, Athanasiou et al.2010, Marzouni et al.2017).
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) overexpression enhances wound repair in airway epithelial cells exposed to agricultural organic dust
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Deepak Chandra, Jill A. Poole, Kristina L. Bailey, Elizabeth Staab, Jenea M. Sweeter, Jane M. DeVasure, Debra J. Romberger, Todd A. Wyatt
Inhalation of organic dust from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) is known to cause airway inflammation in exposed agricultural workers (Wunschel & Poole, 2016). This likely accounts for the high prevalence of pulmonary disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in workers of such agricultural facilities (May et al., 2012). Multiple exposures in these closed environments, including gases, allergens, pesticides, inorganic dusts, and airborne organic dusts, which are rich in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contribute to chronic inflammation, affecting airway epithelial healing that results in aberrant lung remodeling (Sethi et al., 2017).